Cargando…
Wine science : principles and applications /
With its three previous best-selling editions, Wine Science has proven to be an extensive account of the three central tenets of wine science: grape cultivation, wine production, and wine assessment. This fourth edition presents the latest updates on current wine production methods in a framework th...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London :
Academic Press,
2014.
|
| Edición: | Fourth edition. |
| Colección: | Food science and technology (Academic Press)
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction
- Grapevine and Wine Origin
- Commercial Importance of Grapes and Wine
- Wine Classification
- Still Table Wines
- Sparkling Wines
- Fortified Wines (Dessert and Appetizer Wines)
- Wine Quality
- Health-Related Aspects of Wine Consumption
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 2. Grape Species and Varieties
- Introduction
- The Genus Vitis
- Geographic Origin and Distribution of Vitis and Vitis vinifera
- Domestication of Vitis vinifera
- Cultivar Origins
- Recorded Cultivar Development
- Grapevine Improvement
- Standard Breeding Techniques
- Modern Approaches to Vine Improvement
- Clonal Selection
- Somaclonal Selection and Mutation
- Grapevine Cultivars
- Vitis vinifera Cultivars
- Interspecies Hybrids
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 3. Grapevine Structure and Function
- Structure and Function
- The Root System
- The Shoot System
- Tendrils
- Leaves
- Reproductive Structure and Development
- Inflorescence (Flower Cluster)
- Berry Growth and Development
- Suggested Reading
- Root System
- Shoot System
- Photosynthesis and Transpiration
- Reproductive System
- Berry Maturation
- Factors Affecting Berry Maturation
- References
- 4. Vineyard Practice
- Vine Cycle and Vineyard Activity
- Management of Vine Growth
- Yield/Quality Ratio
- Physiological Effects of Pruning
- Pruning Options
- Pruning Level and Timing
- Bearing Wood Selection
- Pruning Procedures
- Training Options and Systems
- Selected Training Systems
- Ancient Roman Example
- Vigor Regulation (Devigoration)
- Rootstock
- Vine Propagation and Grafting
- Multiplication Procedures
- Grafting
- Soil Preparation
- Vineyard Planting and Establishment
- Irrigation
- Timing and Need for Irrigation
- Water Quality and Salinity
- Types of Irrigation
- Fertilization
- Factors Affecting Nutrient Supply and Acquisition
- Assessment of Nutrient Need
- Nutrient Requirements
- Organic Fertilizers
- Disease, Pest, and Weed Management
- Pathogen Control
- Consequences of Pathogenesis for Fruit Quality
- Examples of Grapevine Diseases and Pests
- Harvesting
- Criteria for Harvest Timing
- Sampling
- Harvest Mechanisms
- Measurement of Vineyard Variability
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 5. Site Selection and Climate
- Soil Influences
- Geologic Origin
- Texture
- Structure
- Drainage and Water Availability
- Soil Depth
- Soil Fauna and Flora
- Nutrient Content and pH
- Color
- Organic Content
- Topographic Influences
- Solar Exposure
- Wind Direction
- Frost and Winter Protection
- Altitude
- Drainage
- Atmospheric Influences
- Minimum Climatic Requirements
- Temperature
- Solar Radiation
- Wind
- Water
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 6. Chemical Constituents of Grapes and Wine
- Introduction
- Overview of Chemical Functional Groups
- Chemical Constituents
- Water
- Sugars
- Pectins, Gums, and Related Polysaccharides
- Alcohols
- Acids
- Phenolics and Related Phenyl Derivatives
- Aldehydes and Ketones
- Acetals
- Esters
- Lactones and Other Oxygen Heterocycles
- Terpenes and Their Oxygenated Derivatives
- Nitrogen-containing Compounds
- Sulfur-Containing Compounds
- Hydrocarbons and Derivatives
- Macromolecules and Growth Factors
- Vitamins
- Dissolved Gases
- Minerals
- Chemical Nature of Varietal Aromas
- Appendix 6.1
- Appendix 6.2
- Appendix 6.3
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 7. Fermentation
- Basic Procedures of Wine Production
- Prefermentation Practices
- Sorting
- Quality Assessment
- Stemming and Crushing
- Supraextraction
- Maceration (Skin Contact)
- Dejuicing
- Pressing
- Must Clarification
- Adjustments to Juice and Must
- Alcoholic Fermentation
- Fermentors
- Fermentation
- Biochemistry of Alcoholic Fermentation
- Yeasts
- Yeast Identification
- Genetic Modification
- Environmental Factors Affecting Fermentation
- Malolactic Fermentation
- Lactic Acid Bacteria
- Effects of Malolactic Fermentation
- Origin and Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria
- Factors Affecting Malolactic Fermentation
- Control
- Appendix 7.1
- Appendix 7.2
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 8. Post-Fermentation Treatments and Related Topics
- Wine Adjustments
- Acidity and pH Adjustment
- Sweetening
- Dealcoholization
- Flavor Enhancement
- Sur lies Maturation
- Color Adjustment
- Blending
- Stabilization and Clarification
- Stabilization
- Fining
- Clarification
- Aging
- Effects of Aging
- Factors Affecting Aging
- Rejuvenation of Old Wines
- Aging Potential
- Oak and Cooperage
- Oak Species and Wood Properties
- Barrel Production
- Chemical Composition of Oak
- Oxygen Uptake
- In-Barrel Fermentation
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Oak Cooperage
- Alternative Sources of Oak Flavor
- Other Cooperage Materials
- Cork and Other Bottle Closures
- Cork
- Cork Faults
- Alternative Bottle Closures
- Cork Insertion
- Bottles and Other Containers
- Glass Bottles
- Bag-in-Box Containers
- Wine Spoilage
- Cork-Related Problems
- Yeast-Induced Spoilage
- Bacterial-Induced Spoilage
- Sulfur Off-Odors
- Additional Spoilage Problems
- Accidental Contamination
- Wastewater Treatment
- Treatment Systems
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 9. Specific and Distinctive Wine Styles
- Sweet Table Wines
- Botrytized Wines
- Nonbotrytized Sweet White Wine
- Red Wine Styles
- Recioto-Style Wines
- Carbonic Maceration Wines
- Sparkling Wines
- Standard Process
- Transfer Method
- Bulk Method
- Other Methods
- Carbonation
- Production of Rose and Red Sparkling Wines
- Effervescence and Foam Characteristics
- Aging
- Fortified Wines
- Sherry and Sherry-Like Wines
- Porto and Port-Like Wines
- Madeira
- Vermouth
- Brandy
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 10. Wine Laws, Authentication and Geography
- Appellation Control Laws
- Basic Concepts and Significance
- Geographic Expression
- Detection of Wine Misrepresentation and Adulteration
- Validation of Geographic Origin
- Validation of Conformity with Wine Production Regulations
- World Wine Regions
- Europe
- North Africa and the Near East
- Far East
- Australia and New Zealand
- South Africa
- South America
- North America
- References
- Suggested Reading
- Geographical Regions
- 11. Sensory Perception and Wine Assessment
- Visual Sensations
- Color
- Clarity
- Viscosity
- Spritz (Effervescence)
- Tears
- Oral Sensations
- Taste
- Factors Influencing Taste Perception
- Mouth-Feel
- Taste and Mouth-Feel Sensations in Wine Tasting
- Odor
- Olfactory System
- Odorants and Olfactory Stimulation
- Sensations from the Trigeminal Nerve
- Odor Perception
- Factors Affecting Olfactory Perception
- Odor Assessment in Wine Tasting
- Off-Odors
- Wine Assessment and Sensory Analysis
- Conditions for Sensory Analysis
- Wine Score Cards
- Number of Tasters
- Tasters
- Training
- Measuring Tasting Acuity and Consistency
- Wine-Tasting Technique
- Appearance
- Orthonasal Odor
- In-Mouth Sensations
- Finish
- Assessment of Overall Quality
- Wine Terminology
- Statistical and Descriptive Analysis of Tasting Results
- Simple Tests
- Analysis of Variance
- Sensory Analysis
- Objective Wine Analysis
- Appendix 11.1
- Suggested Reading
- References
- 12. Wine, Food and Health
- Wine and Food
- Wine and Health
- Alcohol Metabolism
- Physiological Actions
- Food Value
- Digestion
- Phenolic Bioavailability
- Antimicrobial Effects
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Antioxidant Effects
- Vision
- Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Osteoporosis
- Gout
- Arthritis
- Diabetes
- Goitre
- Kidney Stones
- Cancer
- Allergies and Hypersensitivity
- Headaches
- Dental Erosion
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Toxins
- Contraindications
- Wine and Medications
- Suggested Reading
- References.