Advances in agronomy. Volume 168 /
Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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Otros Autores: | |
Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
Idioma: | Inglés |
Publicado: |
Amsterdam, Netherlands :
Academic Press,
2021.
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Colección: | ISSN
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Temas: | |
Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Advances in Agronomy
- Copyright
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Chapter One: Current sensor technologies for in situ and on-line measurement of soil nitrogen for variable rate fertiliza ...
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Sensing nitrogen in soil
- 2.1. Traditional methods
- 2.2. Proximal soil sensing methods
- 2.2.1. Reflectance sensing tools for soil nitrogen assessment
- 2.2.2. Electrochemical sensors
- 3. Analysis and modeling
- 3.1. Spectral data analysis
- 3.2. Data fusion
- 3.3. Management zones
- 4. Integration and future prospects
- 5. Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter Two: Application of molecular biotechnology to manage biotic stress affecting crop enhancement and sustainable ag ...
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Characterization of biological control agents
- 2.1. Previous approaches used in the characterization of biological control agents
- 2.2. Recent approaches used in the characterization of biological control agents
- 3. Forward and reverse genetic approaches used in the management of pests and diseases
- 3.1. RNA-interference technique
- 3.2. Application of RNAi-based techniques in agricultural pests
- 3.3. Application of RNAi-based techniques in viruses
- 3.4. Application of RNAi-based techniques in fungi
- 3.5. Application of RNAi-based techniques in bacteria
- 4. Insertional mutagenesis using transposons
- 5. Genetic engineering of the CRISPR/Cas 9 system for biological control
- 6. Targeting induced local lesions in the genome (TILLING)
- 7. Next-generation sequencing
- 8. Genome sequencing of biological control agents
- 9. Protoplast fusion
- 10. Identification of mechanisms involved in tripartite Interactions of gene-regulating biological control activities
- 10.1. Genes regulating I-aminocyclopropane-I-carboxylic acid
- 10.2. Genes regulating siderophores.
- 10.3. Genes involved in colonization and competition
- 10.4. Genes involved in antibiotics and lytic enzymes
- 10.5. Systemic induced resistance for pest and disease resistance
- 10.6. Genes regulating biological control activities in plant transformations
- 11. Synergetic effects among biological control agents and their consortia
- 12. Significance of soil in the management of pests and diseases
- 13. Conclusion and future direction
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter Three: A review of time domain reflectometry (TDR) applications in porous media
- 1. Introduction
- 2. TDR basics
- 2.1. Principles of TDR
- 2.2. TDR probe designs
- 2.3. Commercially available TDR cable testers
- 2.4. Analysis of TDR waveforms
- 2.4.1. Graphical interpretation methods for water content
- 2.4.2. Graphical interpretation methods for EC
- 2.4.3. Time- to frequency-domain transformation
- 2.4.4. Software programs for TDR waveform analysis
- 3. Applications of TDR
- 3.1. Physical properties of porous media
- 3.1.1. Soil water content measurement with traditional TDR methods
- 3.1.2. TDR for soil moisture profile distributions
- 3.1.3. Liquid water content and density of snow
- 3.1.4. Tree trunk water content
- 3.1.5. TDR applications in food science, engineering and geophysics
- 3.2. Waveform analysis to determine porous media processes
- 3.2.1. Electrical conductivity (EC) and solute transport
- 3.2.2. Locating wetting/drying fronts
- 3.2.3. Measurement of local-scale soil water flux with vertical TDR probes
- 3.2.3.1. One-dimensional, transient vertical soil water flux
- 3.2.3.2. Steady-state vertical soil water flux and solute transport
- 3.2.4. Locating a freezing/thawing front and detecting frost
- 3.2.5. Hoarfrost and dew detection
- 3.2.6. Determination of snow depth
- 3.2.7. Determination of water depth or water level.
- 3.2.8. Detection of rock or soil mass deformation, ground water level and piezometric pressure
- 3.3. TDR combined with other methods to determine a variety of properties
- 3.3.1. Thermo-TDR for vadose zone measurements
- 3.3.2. TDR-matric potential probe to determine soil water retention curves (SWRC)
- 3.3.3. More combinations of TDR with other techniques
- 4. Limitations and perspectives
- 4.1. Uncertainties in graphical interpretations
- 4.2. Uncertainty in TDR measurements of water content and water storage
- 4.3. Protocols for TDR and a new TDR probe design
- 4.4. Development of duty-cycle TDR unit
- 5. Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter Four: Soil health in agricultural ecosystems: Current status and future perspectives
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Objectives of the review
- 1.2. History and concept of soil health
- 1.3. Definition and current status of soil health
- 2. Soil health indicators
- 2.1. Domains of soil health indicators
- 2.2. Recommendations for soil health indicators
- 2.3. Interpreting soil health indicator values and determining soil health score
- 2.4. Emerging soil health indicators
- 3. Soil health and management practices
- 3.1. Practices to increase soil organic carbon stocks
- 3.2. Field practices to improve soil health
- 3.3. Soil health indicators sensitivity to agronomic management systems
- 3.4. Nutrient management discussion as a core component of the soil health dialogue
- 3.5. Linking soil health to soil functioning and ecosystem services
- 4. Social and economic perspectives on soil health
- 4.1. Stakeholder perceptions and relevance
- 4.2. Communicating soil heath to end-users
- 4.3. Economics of maintaining and measuring soil health
- 5. Knowledge gaps, future directions, and conclusions
- References.
- Chapter Five: Genetic improvement of crop yield, grain protein and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat, rice and maize in China
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Materials and methods
- 2.1. Data collection
- 2.2. Data analysis
- 3. Results
- 3.1. Genetic improvement and agronomy contributed similarly to farm-yield improvement over 6-7 decades
- 3.2. The rates of genetic yield gain were associated with environmental conditions
- 3.3. Shifts in yield components with selection for yield was crop-dependent
- 3.4. Trends in grain protein, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen harvest index were crop-dependent
- 3.5. Selection for yield increased nitrogen use efficiency in wheat, rice and maize
- 4. Discussion
- 5. Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Appendix A. The references of 116 publications were collected for wheat, rice and maize in China (1994-2019):
- Appendix B. Basic information of experimental sites for wheat.
- Appendix C. Basic information of experimental sites for rice.
- Appendix D. Basic information of experimental sites for maize.
- Appendix E. The references used in Fig. 4.
- References
- Index.