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Advances in agronomy. Volume 168 /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Sparks, Donald L., 1953- (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Amsterdam, Netherlands : Academic Press, 2021.
Colección:ISSN
Temas:
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Advances in Agronomy
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Chapter One: Current sensor technologies for in situ and on-line measurement of soil nitrogen for variable rate fertiliza ...
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Sensing nitrogen in soil
  • 2.1. Traditional methods
  • 2.2. Proximal soil sensing methods
  • 2.2.1. Reflectance sensing tools for soil nitrogen assessment
  • 2.2.2. Electrochemical sensors
  • 3. Analysis and modeling
  • 3.1. Spectral data analysis
  • 3.2. Data fusion
  • 3.3. Management zones
  • 4. Integration and future prospects
  • 5. Conclusions
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • Chapter Two: Application of molecular biotechnology to manage biotic stress affecting crop enhancement and sustainable ag ...
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Characterization of biological control agents
  • 2.1. Previous approaches used in the characterization of biological control agents
  • 2.2. Recent approaches used in the characterization of biological control agents
  • 3. Forward and reverse genetic approaches used in the management of pests and diseases
  • 3.1. RNA-interference technique
  • 3.2. Application of RNAi-based techniques in agricultural pests
  • 3.3. Application of RNAi-based techniques in viruses
  • 3.4. Application of RNAi-based techniques in fungi
  • 3.5. Application of RNAi-based techniques in bacteria
  • 4. Insertional mutagenesis using transposons
  • 5. Genetic engineering of the CRISPR/Cas 9 system for biological control
  • 6. Targeting induced local lesions in the genome (TILLING)
  • 7. Next-generation sequencing
  • 8. Genome sequencing of biological control agents
  • 9. Protoplast fusion
  • 10. Identification of mechanisms involved in tripartite Interactions of gene-regulating biological control activities
  • 10.1. Genes regulating I-aminocyclopropane-I-carboxylic acid
  • 10.2. Genes regulating siderophores.
  • 10.3. Genes involved in colonization and competition
  • 10.4. Genes involved in antibiotics and lytic enzymes
  • 10.5. Systemic induced resistance for pest and disease resistance
  • 10.6. Genes regulating biological control activities in plant transformations
  • 11. Synergetic effects among biological control agents and their consortia
  • 12. Significance of soil in the management of pests and diseases
  • 13. Conclusion and future direction
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter Three: A review of time domain reflectometry (TDR) applications in porous media
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. TDR basics
  • 2.1. Principles of TDR
  • 2.2. TDR probe designs
  • 2.3. Commercially available TDR cable testers
  • 2.4. Analysis of TDR waveforms
  • 2.4.1. Graphical interpretation methods for water content
  • 2.4.2. Graphical interpretation methods for EC
  • 2.4.3. Time- to frequency-domain transformation
  • 2.4.4. Software programs for TDR waveform analysis
  • 3. Applications of TDR
  • 3.1. Physical properties of porous media
  • 3.1.1. Soil water content measurement with traditional TDR methods
  • 3.1.2. TDR for soil moisture profile distributions
  • 3.1.3. Liquid water content and density of snow
  • 3.1.4. Tree trunk water content
  • 3.1.5. TDR applications in food science, engineering and geophysics
  • 3.2. Waveform analysis to determine porous media processes
  • 3.2.1. Electrical conductivity (EC) and solute transport
  • 3.2.2. Locating wetting/drying fronts
  • 3.2.3. Measurement of local-scale soil water flux with vertical TDR probes
  • 3.2.3.1. One-dimensional, transient vertical soil water flux
  • 3.2.3.2. Steady-state vertical soil water flux and solute transport
  • 3.2.4. Locating a freezing/thawing front and detecting frost
  • 3.2.5. Hoarfrost and dew detection
  • 3.2.6. Determination of snow depth
  • 3.2.7. Determination of water depth or water level.
  • 3.2.8. Detection of rock or soil mass deformation, ground water level and piezometric pressure
  • 3.3. TDR combined with other methods to determine a variety of properties
  • 3.3.1. Thermo-TDR for vadose zone measurements
  • 3.3.2. TDR-matric potential probe to determine soil water retention curves (SWRC)
  • 3.3.3. More combinations of TDR with other techniques
  • 4. Limitations and perspectives
  • 4.1. Uncertainties in graphical interpretations
  • 4.2. Uncertainty in TDR measurements of water content and water storage
  • 4.3. Protocols for TDR and a new TDR probe design
  • 4.4. Development of duty-cycle TDR unit
  • 5. Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter Four: Soil health in agricultural ecosystems: Current status and future perspectives
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Objectives of the review
  • 1.2. History and concept of soil health
  • 1.3. Definition and current status of soil health
  • 2. Soil health indicators
  • 2.1. Domains of soil health indicators
  • 2.2. Recommendations for soil health indicators
  • 2.3. Interpreting soil health indicator values and determining soil health score
  • 2.4. Emerging soil health indicators
  • 3. Soil health and management practices
  • 3.1. Practices to increase soil organic carbon stocks
  • 3.2. Field practices to improve soil health
  • 3.3. Soil health indicators sensitivity to agronomic management systems
  • 3.4. Nutrient management discussion as a core component of the soil health dialogue
  • 3.5. Linking soil health to soil functioning and ecosystem services
  • 4. Social and economic perspectives on soil health
  • 4.1. Stakeholder perceptions and relevance
  • 4.2. Communicating soil heath to end-users
  • 4.3. Economics of maintaining and measuring soil health
  • 5. Knowledge gaps, future directions, and conclusions
  • References.
  • Chapter Five: Genetic improvement of crop yield, grain protein and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat, rice and maize in China
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Materials and methods
  • 2.1. Data collection
  • 2.2. Data analysis
  • 3. Results
  • 3.1. Genetic improvement and agronomy contributed similarly to farm-yield improvement over 6-7 decades
  • 3.2. The rates of genetic yield gain were associated with environmental conditions
  • 3.3. Shifts in yield components with selection for yield was crop-dependent
  • 3.4. Trends in grain protein, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen harvest index were crop-dependent
  • 3.5. Selection for yield increased nitrogen use efficiency in wheat, rice and maize
  • 4. Discussion
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Appendix A. The references of 116 publications were collected for wheat, rice and maize in China (1994-2019):
  • Appendix B. Basic information of experimental sites for wheat.
  • Appendix C. Basic information of experimental sites for rice.
  • Appendix D. Basic information of experimental sites for maize.
  • Appendix E. The references used in Fig. 4.
  • References
  • Index.