Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions : Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Staff, National Research Council
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington : National Academies Press, 1981.
Temas:
Air > Environmental aspects > Pollution.
Fossil fuels > Environmental aspects.
Combustibles fossiles > Aspect de l'environnement.
Fossil fuels > Environmental aspects
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions:
  • Copyright
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • Contents
  • 1. Introduction and Overview
  • THE FOSSIL FUEL SCENARIO: THE PROBABILITY OF A CRISIS IN THE BIOSPHERE
  • THIS REPORT
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 2. Scientific Understanding of Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: a Historical Overview
  • HUMAN ALTERATIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
  • ENERGY AND AIR POLLUTION
  • 3 Biogenic Emissions to the Atmosphere
  • NITROGEN
  • Terrestrial Ecosystems
  • Aquatic Ecosystems
  • SULFUR
  • Terrestrial Ecosystems
  • Aquatic Ecosystems
  • TRACE METALSATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM BURNING OF NATURAL BIOMASS
  • NATURAL ORGANIC PRODUCTS
  • SUMMARY
  • 4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances
  • PATTERNS OF FOSSIL FUEL USE
  • ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL FUEL BURNING
  • Oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen
  • Trace Metals
  • Organic Compounds
  • SUMMARY
  • 5. Atmospheric Transport, Transformation, and Deposition Processes
  • TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION
  • TRANSFORMATIONS
  • Oxidation Reactions in the Atmosphere
  • Reduction Reactions in the Biosphere
  • Organic Compounds
  • DEPOSITION
  • Wet Deposition ProcessesDry Deposition Processes
  • RESIDENCE TIMES FOR SUBSTANCES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
  • Monitoring and Data Needs
  • SUMMARY
  • 6 Biological Accumulation and Effect of Atmospheric Contaminants
  • ACCUMULATION IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
  • ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
  • ACCUMULATION IN SOILS AND AQUATIC SEDIMENTS
  • Aquatic Sediments as Historical Records
  • TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOILS AND WATERS
  • TRANSFER OF SUBSTANCES FROM TERRESTRIAL TO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
  • POLLUTANTS AND INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS
  • Toxicity of Deposited Substances to OrganismsTerrestrial Ecosystems
  • Aquatic Ecosystems
  • Interactions Among Pollutants or Between Pollutants and other Stresses
  • Terrestrial Ecosystems
  • Aquatic Ecosystems
  • Resistance to Pollutants
  • Past Efforts to Predict Widespread Toxic Effects
  • SUMMARY
  • 7. Studying the Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Ecosystems
  • PREDICTING ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS
  • HIGHLY SENSITIVE ORGANISMS AS EARLY INDICATORS
  • COMMON RESPONSES OF ECOSYSTEMS TO STRESS
  • NATURAL RECORDS OF POLLUTION
  • MONITORING LARGE-SCALE POLLUTIONSUMMARY
  • 8. Acid Precipitaton
  • CAUSES OF ACID PRECIPITATION
  • Extent of the Problem
  • EFFECTS OF ACID ON THE BIOSPHERE
  • Aquatic Ecosystems
  • Chemical Changes
  • Biological Changes
  • Terrestrial Ecosystems
  • Vegetation
  • Soils
  • Wetlands
  • ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
  • AMELIORATION
  • SUMMARY
  • Appendix Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
  • References
  • Index

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