Biojet fuel in aviation applications : production, usage and impact of biofuels /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Chong, Cheng Tung
Otros Autores: Ng, Jo-Han
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2021.
Temas:
Biomass energy.
Aeronautics.
Renewable energy sources.
Sustainable transportation.
Aviation
Renewable Energy
Bio�energie.
A�eronautique.
�Energies renouvelables.
Mobilit�e durable (Transport)
Aeronautics
Biomass energy
Renewable energy sources
Sustainable transportation
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Front Cover
  • BIOJET FUEL IN AVIATION APPLICATIONS
  • BIOJET FUEL IN AVIATION APPLICATIONS
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • BOOK ORGANIZATION BY CHAPTER
  • CONSISTENT CHAPTER ORGANIZATION
  • Acknowledgments
  • 1
  • Global Aviation and Biojet Fuel Policies, Legislations, Initiatives, and Roadmaps
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Global-International Civil Agency Organization
  • 1.2.1 Carbon Offset and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation
  • 1.2.2 Sustainable Aviation Fuels
  • 1.2.3 CORSIA Eligible Fuels
  • 1.2.4 CORSIA Central Registry
  • 1.2.5 CORSIA CO2 Estimation and Reporting Tool
  • 1.2.6 Impact of COVID-19 on CORSIA
  • 1.3 European Union
  • 1.3.1 European Union Emissions Trading Scheme
  • 1.3.2 Renewable Energy Directives
  • 1.3.3 European Advanced Biofuels FlightPath
  • 1.3.4 FlightPath 2050
  • 1.3.5 EU Fuel Quality Directive 98/70/EC
  • 1.3.6 White Paper on Transport
  • 1.4 United Kingdom
  • 1.4.1 Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation
  • 1.4.2 Fuels for Flight and Freight Competition (F4C)
  • 1.5 Scandinavia
  • 1.5.1 Nordic Initiative for Sustainable Aviation
  • 1.5.2 Legislations in Nordic Countries
  • 1.6 United States of America
  • 1.6.1 Renewable Fuel Standard
  • 1.6.2 Farm to Fly
  • 1.6.3 Sustainable Aviation Fuels Northwest
  • 1.6.4 Midwest Aviation Sustainable Biofuels Initiative
  • 1.6.5 California Low Carbon Fuel Standard
  • 1.7 Canada
  • 1.8 Mexico
  • 1.9 Brazil
  • 1.9.1 Brazilian national biofuels policy (RenovaBio)
  • 1.10 Argentina
  • 1.11 China
  • 1.11.1 Civil Aviation Development Fund
  • 1.11.2 China Five-Year plans
  • 1.12 Malaysia
  • 1.13 Japan
  • 1.14 Indonesia
  • 1.15 Australia
  • 1.16 Summary
  • References
  • 2
  • Biojet fuel production pathways
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Oil-to-jet
  • 2.2.1 Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids
  • 2.2.2 Catalytic hydrothermolysis
  • 2.2.3 Hydroprocessed depolymerized cellulosic jet.
  • 2.2.4 Commercial flights from oil-based feedstocks
  • 2.3 Alcohol-to-jet
  • 2.3.1 Ethanol-to-jet
  • 2.3.2 Butyl alcohols-to-jet
  • 2.3.3 Challenges and prospects
  • 2.4 Gas-to-jet
  • 2.4.1 Fischer-Tropsch
  • 2.4.2 Biomass-to-fuel
  • 2.4.3 Advances in Fischer-Tropsch technology
  • 2.4.3.1 Biomass gasification technology
  • 2.4.3.2 Fischer-Tropsch reactor
  • 2.4.4 Scientific advances
  • 2.5 Sugar-to-jet
  • 2.5.1 Direct sugar-to-hydrocarbon
  • 2.5.2 Aqueous phase reforming
  • 2.6 Summary
  • References
  • 3
  • Property specifications of alternative jet fuels
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Jet fuel specifications
  • 3.3 Jet fuel from nonconventional sources
  • 3.3.1 SASOL coal-based synthetic fuel
  • 3.3.2 Synthetic jet fuel from biofeedstocks
  • 3.4 Properties of synthetic jet fuel
  • 3.4.1 Fischer-Tropsch hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene
  • 3.4.2 Synthesized kerosene with aromatics derived by alkylation of light aromatics from nonpetroleum sources
  • 3.4.3 Synthesized paraffinic kerosene from hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids
  • 3.4.4 Alcohol-to-jet synthetic paraffinic kerosene
  • 3.4.5 Synthesized kerosene from hydrothermal conversion of fatty acid esters and fatty acids
  • 3.4.6 Synthesized isoparaffins from hydroprocessed fermented sugars
  • 3.4.7 Coprocessing of biocrude
  • 3.5 Performance characteristics of aviation turbine fuels
  • 3.5.1 Thermal stability
  • 3.5.2 Combustion
  • 3.5.3 Fuel metering and aircraft range
  • 3.5.4 Fuel atomization
  • 3.5.5 Compatibility with elastomer and the metals in the fuel system and turbine
  • 3.5.6 Fuel storage stability and handling
  • 3.5.7 Fuel cleanliness and contamination
  • 3.5.8 Fuel lubricity
  • 3.6 Additives for alternative jet fuels
  • 3.7 Jet fuel certification process
  • 3.8 Summary
  • References
  • 4
  • Combustion performance of biojet fuels
  • 4.1 Introduction.
  • 4.2 Principles of aircraft emissions
  • 4.2.1 Mechanism of aircraft pollutant formations
  • 4.2.2 Emission index calculation
  • 4.3 Component or rig test for alternative jet fuel
  • 4.3.1 Spray atomization
  • 4.3.2 Ignition
  • 4.3.3 Lean blowout
  • 4.3.4 Emissions of alternative jet fuels
  • 4.3.4.1 Gaseous emissions
  • 4.3.4.2 Particulate matters
  • 4.4 Flight test
  • 4.5 Fundamental combustion properties
  • 4.5.1 Ignition delay time
  • 4.5.2 Derived cetane number
  • 4.5.3 Laminar flame speed
  • 4.5.4 Extinction strain rate
  • 4.5.5 Sooting propensity
  • 4.5.6 Formulation of surrogates for alternative jet fuels
  • 4.6 Summary
  • References
  • 5
  • Economics of biojet fuels
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Biojet fuel prices
  • 5.2.1 Sustainable aviation fuel price assessment
  • 5.2.2 Economic viability
  • 5.2.3 Process cost and investment cost
  • 5.2.4 Impacts of subsidies and taxes
  • 5.2.5 Impacts of biojet fuel on travel costs
  • 5.3 Potential feedstock
  • 5.3.1 First-generation feedstock
  • 5.3.2 Second-generation feedstock
  • 5.3.3 Third-generation feedstock
  • 5.3.4 Feedstock cost implications
  • 5.4 Global biojet fuel production
  • 5.5 Barriers to commercialization
  • 5.5.1 Economic barriers
  • 5.5.2 Sustainability barriers
  • 5.5.3 Operational barriers
  • 5.5.4 Societal barriers
  • 5.6 Summary
  • References
  • 6
  • Sustainability of aviation biofuels
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Life cycle assessment of aviation jet fuel
  • 6.2.1 Product allocation
  • 6.2.2 Effect of land use change on emissions
  • 6.3 Alternative jet fuel production pathway
  • 6.4 Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for different production pathways
  • 6.4.1 Biochemical conversion
  • 6.4.2 Thermochemical conversion
  • 6.4.3 Lipid conversion
  • 6.5 Life cycle emissions values for CORSIA eligible fuel
  • 6.6 Comparison of greenhouse gas emission performance.
  • 6.7 Energy balance analysis
  • 6.8 Energy-water-food nexus
  • 6.8.1 Energy-water nexus in biojet fuel production
  • 6.8.2 Energy-food nexus in biojet fuel production
  • 6.8.3 Energy-water-food nexus and holistic considerations for biojet fuel production
  • 6.8.3.1 Limiting factors
  • 6.8.3.2 Energy diversity
  • 6.8.3.3 Emissions
  • 6.8.3.4 Energy-water-food nexus by biojet fuel generations
  • 6.9 Summary
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover.

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