Everyday applied geophysics. 1, Electrical methods /

Everyday Applied Geophysics 1 covers the physical methods permitting the environmental exploration of the sub-surface in 1, 2, 3 or 4 dimensions (the last is for time-lapse in terms of physical environmental state and geometry). The ground is transparent to electrical currents, electromagnetic induc...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autores principales: Florsch, Nicolas (Autor), Muhlach, Fr�ed�eric (Autor)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: London ; Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier : ISTE Press, [2018]
Temas:
Geophysics.
G�eophysique.
geophysics.
SCIENCE > Earth Sciences > General.
SCIENCE > Physics > Geophysics.
Geophysics
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction and General Points
  • 1.1. Introduction: the audience of this book
  • 1.1.1. What is applied (or subsurface) geophysics?
  • 1.1.2. spirit of this book: affordable methods on a technological and financial level
  • 1.1.3. example to begin
  • 1.1.4. Drawing maps in isovalues
  • 1.2. Direct method, inverse method
  • 1.3. Sampling quantities on the surface, and which resolution can be reached underground?
  • 1.3.1. General points about measuring protocols
  • 1.3.2. issue of the measuring grid
  • 1.3.3. question of georeferencing
  • 1.3.4. Mapping types of prospecting: point-by-point, "walking" or drones
  • 1.4. Adapting the models to the targets
  • ch. 2 Direct Current Electrical Methods
  • 2.1. electricity used in geophysics
  • 2.1.1. current flowing in the ground
  • 2.1.2. Resistivity
  • 2.1.3. Separating volume conductivity from surface conductivity
  • 2.2. Ground resistance
  • 2.2.1. first approach using hemispherical electrodes
  • 2.2.2. Realistic electrodes: metal posts
  • 2.3. basic array for electrical prospecting
  • 2.3.1. Stage 1: what is the potential at the distance (r) from the electrode?
  • 2.3.2. Stage 2: describing "point" electrodes in more detail
  • 2.3.3. Stage 3: setting up all the electrodes: two transmitting electrodes and two measuring electrodes
  • 2.3.4. Stage 4: guarding against intruders
  • 2.4. Dangers involved in electrical prospecting and safety regulations and rules
  • 2.5. Apparent resistivity
  • 2.5.1. note about reciprocity
  • 2.6. Arrays in electrical prospecting: depth of investigation and sensitivity
  • 2.6.1. Depth of investigation and sensitivity
  • 2.7. Electrical resistivity tomography
  • 2.7.1. ERT arrays and sequences
  • 2.7.2. Using the programs RES2DMOD and RES2DINV
  • 2.8. 3D tomography
  • 2.9. Direct current electrical resistivity mapping
  • 2.10. Vertical electrical sounding (VES, or in short, electrical sounding)
  • 2.10.1. VES and horizontally layered ground
  • 2.10.2. Difficulties and traps involved in electrical sounding
  • 2.10.3. Carrying out vertical electrical sounding
  • 2.11. rectangle method
  • 2.12. mise-a-la-masse method
  • 2.12.1. Example
  • 2.13. Time lapse (or simply "monitoring") in electrical methods
  • 2.14. note about measuring ground resistance
  • ch. 3 Spontaneous Polarization Method
  • 3.1. principle of SP
  • 3.2. origin of the potentials in SP
  • 3.2.1. electrodes
  • 3.2.2. sources of SP related to the Nernst equation
  • 3.2.3. sources of SP related to the electrofiltration equation and the application to aquifers and leakages
  • ch. 4 Induced Polarization (IP) Method
  • 4.1. principle of induced polarization
  • 4.2. Three types of measurements: temporal, frequency and spectral
  • 4.2.1. Temporal IP
  • 4.2.2. so-called frequency IP
  • 4.2.3. Phase measurement IP
  • 4.2.4. Spectral induced polarization
  • ch. 5 Equipment
  • 5.1. Electrodes, wire bobbins and cables
  • 5.2. Equipment and methods used for spontaneous polarization
  • 5.2.1. Getting rid of disturbances and taking a good SP measurement
  • 5.2.2. Measurement fluctuations
  • 5.3. Equipment and approaches used for direct current methods
  • 5.3.1. Adapting the impedance for the transmission of electricity
  • 5.3.2. Moving from direct to alternating current
  • 5.3.3. Alternating current transmitters
  • 5.3.4. "Hight voltage" transmitters
  • 5.4. Equipment for induced polarization
  • ch. 6 Acquisition System Designed for the Electrical Prospection of Soil
  • 6.1. presentation of the "open source" project
  • 6.2. preliminary study
  • 6.2.1. analysis
  • 6.3. Choosing the components
  • 6.3.1. microcontroller
  • 6.3.2. communication protocols of the microcontroller
  • 6.3.3. analog-digital converter
  • 6.3.4. From the man-machine interface to data saving
  • 6.3.5. RTC module and data saving
  • 6.4. Outline of the layout of components
  • 6.4.1. Connections
  • 6.4.2. List
  • 6.5. Preparing the microSD card
  • 6.6. Running the program on the microcontroller
  • 6.6.1. Additional configuration settings
  • 6.7. program and its menus
  • 6.7.1. Initialization steps for the device
  • 6.7.2. Presentation of the menus
  • 6.8. practical example of how the device is used
  • 6.8.1. Preliminary configuration steps
  • 6.8.2. Taking the measurements
  • 6.8.3. result file.

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