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Advances in catalysis. Volume 53 /
Catalysis is the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst, a substance that notably affects the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed or altered. Since 1948, Advances in Catalysis has filled the gap between the papers that report on and the textbooks that teach in the di...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam ; Oxford :
Academic,
2010.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Advances in Catalysis; Copyright Page; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Chapter 1: Catalytic Methanol Carbonylation; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Historical Context; 1.2. Process Considerations; 2. Rhodium-Complex-Catalyzed Carbonylation; 2.1. Catalytic Reaction Mechanism; 2.2. Promotion by Iodide Salts; 2.3. Promotion by Phosphine Ligands and Derivatives; 2.4. Supported Rhodium Catalysts; 3. Iridium-Complex-Catalyzed Carbonylation; 3.1. Early Investigations; 3.2. Commercialization: The BP CativaTM Process; 3.3. Catalytic Reaction Mechanism; 4. Computational Investigations
- 5. Alternative Approaches6. Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Microstructured Catalytic Reactors; 1. Introduction; 2. General Criteria for the Choice and Design of MSRs; 3. Design of MSRs for Catalytic Reactions with Gas-Phase Reactants; 3.1. Micropacked-Bed Reactors; 3.2. Catalytic Wall Microreactors; 4. Design of MSRs for Multiphase Reactions; 4.1. Continuous Phase MSRs; 4.2. Dispersed Phase MSRs; 4.3. Microstructured Catalysts; 5. Preparation of Catalytically Active Surface Layers in MSRs; 5.1. Surface Treatment of the Wall Material or a Structured Packing
- 5.2. Surface Coating by Deposition from the Liquid Phase5.3. Surface Coating by Deposition from the Gas Phase; 6. Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: A Review of the Phillips Supported Chromium Catalyst and Its Commercial Use for Ethylene Polymerization; 1. Introduction; 2. Commercial Polyethylene; 2.1. Polyethylene Markets; 2.2. Comparison with Other Catalysts; 2.3. Origins of Polyethylene; 3. Dispersion and Stabilization of Cr(VI); 3.1. Calcination; 3.2. Chromate Versus Dichromate; 3.3. Spectroscopy; 3.4. Silanol Group Replacement Measurements; 3.5. Adsorption and Desorption of CrO2Cl2
- 3.6. Saturation Cr(VI) Coverage3.7. Cr(VI) Mobility; 3.8. Bis(triphenylsilyl) Chromate; 4. Reduced Cr/Silica; 4.1. Valence of the Active Chromium Species; 4.2. Chromium(V) Oxide; 4.3. Chromium(III) Oxide; 4.4. Chromium(II) Oxide; 4.5. Chemistry of Cr(II)/Silica Catalyst; 4.6. Chromium(0) and Chromium(I); 4.7. Chromium(IV); 4.8. Conclusions; 5. Polymer Formation; 5.1. Overview; 5.2. Reduction; 5.3. Site Initiation Versus Chain Initiation; 5.4. Initiation Mechanisms; 5.5. Chain Transfer; 5.6. Role of Surface Acidity; 5.7. General Comparisons; 6. Site Diversity, Influence of the Carrier
- 6.1. Bonding of Individual Cr Atoms6.2. MW Distribution; 6.3. MW Dependence on Polymerization Time; 6.4. Site Discrimination via CO Titration; 6.5. Surface Dehydroxylation and Annealing; 6.6. Other Thermal Treatments; 6.7. Number of Active Sites; 6.8. Coverage by Chromium; 6.9. Titration by Addition of Poisons; 6.10. Radioactive Labeling; 7. Copolymerization of a-Olefins; 7.1. Polymer Density; 7.2. Insertion Mechanism; 7.3. Reactivity of Comonomers; 7.4. Molecular Weight Suppression; 7.5. Other Mechanisms of MW Suppression; 7.6. Branch Distribution; 7.7. Bimodal Polymers; 7.8. Blocking