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Problem solving : perspectives from cognition and neuroscience /
The way that we assess and overcome problems is an essential part of everyday life. Problem Solving provides a clear introduction to the underlying mental processes involved in solving problems. Drawing on research from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, it examines the methods and techniques us...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London :
Routledge,
2017.
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| Edición: | Second edition. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo (Requiere registro previo con correo institucional) |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface; 1 What is involved in problem solving; What exactly is a problem?; Where do problems come from?; "Natural" and "unnatural" problems; What's involved in solving problems?; Approaches to the study of problem solving; Categorising problems; Summary; References; 2 Problem representation; Representations and processes; Analysing well-defined problems; The interaction of the problem solver and the task environment; Heuristic search strategies; Summary; References; 3 Transfer; Negative transfer
- mental set; Mechanisms of knowledge transfer
- Transfer in well-defined problemsStudies of analogical problem solving; Cognitive processes in analogical problem solving; Types of similarity; When relational structures are ignored; Summary; References; 4 Worked examples and instructional design; Difficulties facing textbook writers; The role of examples in textbooks; The processes involved in textbook problem solving; Understanding problems revisited; Approaches to the design of instruction; Conclusion; Summary; References; 5 Developing skill; Induction; Schema development and the effects of automatisation; Cognitive architectures
- Potential criticisms of cognitive modelsSummary; References; 6 Developing expertise; Stage models of expertise; The intermediate effect; What distinguishes experts and novices; Are experts smarter? Are there differences in abilities?; Is expertise due to talent or deliberate practice?; Does expertise cross domains?; Cognitive processes in expertise; Flexibility in thinking; Some potential side effects of expertise . . .; Summary; References; 7 Insight; Insight problems; Gestalt accounts of problem solving; Information processing approaches to insight; Classifying insight problems
- Insight as something specialInsight as "business as usual"; Representational change theory (redistribution theory); Summary; References; 8 Creative problem solving; Breaking free of self-imposed constraints; Creative individuals; Theories of creativity: generation, evaluation and selection; CoRT; Synectics; Creative Problem Solving (CPS)
- Osborn-Parnes; Summary; References; 9 The neuroscience of problem solving; Methods used in studying brain functions; Arithmetic in the brain; Stages in problem solving; Neurological processes in analogical reasoning; Neurocomputational models
- Designing instruction
- what can studies of the brain tell us?Neurological aspects of insight and creativity; Summary; References; 10 Conclusion; Problems, problems; References; Index