Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Contents
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgments
  • 1 INTRODUCTION
  • Purpose
  • Scope
  • Contents of the Manual
  • Description of the Classified Residuals
  • Equipment Used in Processing Residuals
  • Evaluation of Alternative Conveyance Methods
  • References
  • 2 RHEOLOGY AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER IN SLUDGE
  • Introduction
  • Distribution of Water
  • Bound Water in Sludge
  • Sludge Rheology
  • Newtonian Fluids
  • Non-Newtonian Fluids
  • Identification of Rheological Behavior of Wastewater Sludges
  • Theoretical Approach To Define Suspension Viscosity, and Its Applicability to Water and Wastewater SludgesConclusion
  • References
  • 3 SLUDGE SOURCES, COMPOSITION, AND CHARACTERISTICS
  • Introduction
  • Wastewater Sludge: Source, Composition, and Quantity
  • Primary Sludge
  • Secondary Sludge
  • Wastewater Sludge Characteristics
  • Physical Properties
  • Primary Sludge
  • Secondary Sludge
  • Mixed Sludges
  • Effects of Chemical Precipitation
  • Primary Sludge
  • Secondary Sludge
  • Effects of Chemical Conditioning
  • Primary Sludge
  • Secondary SludgeMixed Sludge
  • Effects of Anaerobic and Aerobic Digestion
  • Anaerobic Digestion
  • Aerobic Digestion
  • Effect of Thermal Conditioning
  • Water Treatment Plant Residuals
  • Sources and Quantities
  • Characteristics
  • Effect of Various Processes
  • References
  • 4 OVERVIEW OF RESIDUALS CONVEYANCE DEVICES
  • Introduction
  • Centrifugal Pumps
  • Non-Clog Pumps
  • Recessed Impeller Pumps
  • Combination Screw/Centrifugal Pumps
  • Disc Pumps
  • Positive Displacement Pumps
  • Progressing Cavity Pumps
  • Plunger Pumps
  • Hydraulically Driven Piston (Ram) PumpsRotary Pumps
  • Peristaltic Pumps
  • Diaphragm Pumps
  • Conveyor Systems
  • Belt Conveyor
  • Chain Conveyor
  • Bucket Elevators
  • Screw Conveyor
  • Shaftless/Ribbon
  • Pneumatic
  • References
  • 5 PUMPING OF NON-NEWTONIAN SLUDGES AND SLURRIES
  • Introduction
  • Head Losses in Pumped Systems: 3-12% TS
  • Head Losses in Pumped Systems: 20-30% TS
  • Field Pumping Studies
  • References
  • 6 TRANSPORT OF THICKENED RESIDUALS
  • Introduction
  • Applicability
  • Definition and Sources of Thickened Residuals
  • Cross-Reference ChartPumping Equipment
  • Pumping Considerations
  • Centrifugal Pumps
  • Positive Displacement Pumps
  • Other Kinds of Pumps
  • Transport Equipment
  • Belt Conveyors
  • Screw Conveyors
  • Bulk Transport Equipment
  • Truck
  • Train
  • Ship
  • Equipment Selection
  • Preferred Equipment
  • Design Concerns
  • References
  • 7 CONVEYANCE OF DEWATERED RESIDUALS
  • Introduction and Scope
  • Rationale for Classification of Dewatered Residuals
  • Low to Medium Viscosity
  • Medium to High Viscosity
  • Ranking the Conveyance Alternatives