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Chemical sensors : fundamentals of sensing materials. Volume 1, General approaches /

This volume provides an introduction to the fundamentals of sensing materials. We have tried to provide here the basic knowledge necessary for understanding chemical sensing through a brief description of the principles of chemical sensor operation and consideration of the processes that take place...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Korotchenkov, G. S. (Gennadiĭ Sergeevich)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017) : Momentum Press, 2010.
Edición:1st ed.
Colección:Sensor technology series.
Temas:
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Preface to Chemical sensors: fundamentals of sensing materials
  • Preface to Volume 1: General approaches
  • About the editor
  • Contributors.
  • 1. Basic principles of chemical sensor operation / M.Z. Atashbar, S. Krishnamurthy, G. Korotcenkov
  • Introduction
  • Electrochemical sensors
  • Amperometric sensors
  • Conductometric sensors
  • Potentiometric sensors
  • Capacitance sensors
  • Work-function sensors
  • Field-effect transistor sensors
  • chemFET-based sensors
  • Schottky diode-based sensors
  • Catalytic sensors
  • Conductometric sensors
  • Acoustic wave sensors
  • Thickness shear mode sensors
  • Surface acoustic wave sensors
  • Mass-sensitive sensors
  • Optical sensors
  • Fiber optic chemical sensors
  • Fluorescence fiber optic chemical sensors
  • Absorption fiber optic chemical sensors
  • Refractometric fiber optic chemical sensors
  • Absorption-based sensors
  • Surface plasmon resonance sensors
  • Photoacoustic sensors
  • Thermoelectric sensors
  • Thermal conductivity sensors
  • Flame ionization sensors
  • Langmuir-Blodgett film sensors
  • References.
  • 2. Desired properties for sensing materials / G. Korotcenkov
  • Introduction
  • Common characteristics of metal oxides
  • Crystal structure of metal oxides
  • Electronic structure of metal oxides
  • Role of the electronic structure of metal oxides in surface processes
  • Surface properties of sensing materials
  • Electronic properties of metal oxide surfaces
  • Role of adsorption/desorption parameters in gas-sensing effects
  • Catalytic activity of sensing materials
  • Stability of parameters in sensing materials
  • Thermodynamic stability
  • Chemical stability
  • Long-term stability
  • Electrophysical properties of sensing materials
  • Oxygen diffusion in metal oxides
  • Conductivity type
  • Band gap
  • Electroconductivity
  • Other important parameters for sensing materials
  • Structural properties of sensing materials
  • Grain size
  • Crystal shape
  • Surface geometry
  • Film texture
  • Surface stoichiometry (disordering)
  • Porosity and active surface area
  • Agglomeration
  • Outlook
  • Acknowledgments
  • References.
  • 3. Combinatorial concepts for development of sensing materials / R.A. Potyrailo
  • Introduction
  • General principles of combinatorial materials screening
  • Opportunities for sensing materials
  • Designs of combinatorial libraries of sensing materials
  • Discovery and optimization of sensing materials using discrete arrays
  • Radiant energy transduction sensors
  • Mechanical energy transduction sensors
  • Electrical energy transduction sensors
  • Optimization of sensing materials using gradient arrays
  • Variable concentration of reagents
  • Variable thickness of sensing films
  • Variable 2-D composition
  • Variable operation temperature and diffusion-layer thickness
  • Emerging wireless technologies for combinatorial screening of sensing materials
  • Summary and outlook
  • Acknowledgments
  • References.
  • 4. Synthesis and deposition of sensor materials / G. Korotcenkov, B.K. Cho
  • 1. Deposition technology: introduction and overview
  • 2. Vacuum evaporation and vacuum deposition
  • Principles of film deposition by the vacuum evaporation method
  • Disadvantages of the vacuum evaporation method
  • Film deposition by thermal evaporation
  • 3. Sputtering technology
  • Principles of deposition by sputtering
  • Sputtering techniques
  • Advantages and disadvantages of sputtering technology
  • Properties of films deposited by sputtering
  • 4. The RGTO technique
  • Particulars of the RGTO method
  • Advantages and disadvantages of RGTO
  • 5. Laser ablation or pulsed laser deposition
  • Principles of pulsed laser deposition
  • Advantages and disadvantages of PLD
  • Technical approaches to improving PLD results
  • Some particulars of film deposition by the PLD method
  • 6. Ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD)
  • Introduction
  • Principles of the IBAD method
  • 7. Chemical vapor deposition
  • Introduction
  • Principles of the CVD process
  • Chemical precursors and reaction chemistry
  • Particulars of CVD technology
  • Advantages and disadvantages of CVD
  • Variants of CVD methods
  • 8. Deposition from aerosol phase
  • Introduction
  • Principles and mechanism of the deposition process
  • Atomization techniques
  • Advantages and disadvantages of deposition from an aerosol phase
  • Technology of the pyrolysis process
  • Regularities of metal oxide growth during spray pyrolysis deposition
  • 9. Deposition from aqueous solutions
  • Introduction
  • Chemical bath deposition (CBD)
  • Selective ion-layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) or successive
  • Ionic-layer deposition (SILD)
  • Liquid-phase deposition (LPD)
  • Electroless deposition (ED)
  • Electrochemical deposition (ECD)
  • Ferrite plating
  • Liquid flow deposition (LFD)
  • Electrophoretic deposition (EPD)
  • Photochemical deposition (PCD), applying external forces or fields
  • Summary
  • 10. The sol-gel process
  • Introduction
  • Principles of the sol-gel process
  • Sol-gel chemistry and technology
  • Advantages and disadvantages of sol-gel techniques
  • Calcination of sol-gel-obtained oxides
  • Organic-inorganic hybrid materials (OIHM)
  • Summary
  • 11. Powder technology
  • Introduction
  • Gas processing condensation (GPC)
  • Chemical vapor condensation (CVC)
  • Microwave plasma processing (MPP)
  • Combustion flame synthesis (CFS)
  • Nanopowder collection
  • Mechanical milling of powders
  • Summary
  • 12. Polymer technology
  • Introduction
  • Methods of polymer synthesis
  • Fabrication of polymer films
  • 13. Deposition on fibers
  • Specifics of film deposition on fibers
  • Coating design and tooling
  • Outlook
  • Acknowledgments
  • References.
  • 5. Modification of sensing materials: metal oxide materials engineering / G. Korotcenkov
  • Introduction
  • Control of sensor response through structural engineering of metal oxides
  • Structural engineering, what does it mean
  • Structural engineering of metal oxides, technical approaches
  • Sensor response control through modification of metal oxide composition
  • Phase modification of metal oxides
  • Methods of phase modification
  • Influence of additives on structural properties of multicomponent metal oxides
  • Gas-sensing properties of multicomponent metal oxides
  • Sensor response control through surface modification of metal oxides
  • Methods of surface modification
  • Influence of surface modification on gas-sensing properties of metal oxides
  • Surface additives as active and passive filters
  • Improved operating characteristics of gas sensors through materials engineering of metal oxides: what determines the choice
  • Device application
  • The nature of the gas to be detected
  • Detection mechanism
  • Environmental conditions during use
  • Required rate of sensor response
  • Required sensitivity
  • Sensor response selectivity
  • Compatibility with peripheral measuring devices
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Index.