Social and environmental policies in EC procurement law : new directives and new directions /

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In developing public procurement policy, governments are often concerned not only with value for money but also with promoting their social and environmental objectives. However, imposing social and environmental requirements makes it harder for some suppliers to participate in public procurement. E...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Arrowsmith, Sue, 1962-, Kunzlik, Peter F.
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Temas:
Government purchasing > Law and legislation > European Union countries.
Government purchasing > Environmental aspects > European Union countries.
Government purchasing > Social aspects > European Union countries.
Environmental policy > European Union countries.
Environnement > Politique gouvernementale > Pays de l'Union européenne.
Environmental policy
Government purchasing > Environmental aspects
Government purchasing > Law and legislation
Social policy
European Union countries > Social policy.
European Economic Community countries > Social policy.
Pays de l'Union européenne > Politique sociale.
European Union countries
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Half-title
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors to the volume
  • Preface
  • Chronological Table of Cases
  • European Court of Justice
  • Court of First Instance
  • EFTA
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Table of European Legislation
  • Treaties
  • Directives
  • Decisions
  • Recommendations
  • Resolutions
  • Regulations
  • Table of UK Legislation
  • Statutes
  • Statutory Instruments
  • United States
  • South Africa
  • WTO Agreement on Government Procurement
  • Editors' Note
  • the decision in Rüffert v. Land Niedersachsen
  • The facts and judgment
  • Implications for other social policy measures relating to the contract workforce
  • Implications for other types of measures involving regulation by contract
  • 1 Public procurement and horizontal policies in EC law: general principles
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The concept of horizontal policies, the equal status of horizontal policies and the issue of terminology
  • 3. Purchasing autonomy, the market mechanism and the internal market
  • 4. Government as purchaser and government as regulator under EC law
  • 5. Horizontal policies and the objectives and competences of EC procurement regulation
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. EC law and the discretion of Member States
  • 5.3. The EC's role in promoting or requiring use of horizontal policies
  • 6. The impact of EC law on Member States' discretion: principles of interpretation
  • 7. The relationship between primary and secondary Community law: using the directives to interpret the Treaty?
  • 8. Conclusions
  • 2 EC regulation of public procurement
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Procurement outside the scope of the Treaty
  • 3. Procurement within the Treaty but outside the procurement directives
  • 3.1. 'Negative' obligations
  • 3.1.1. Free movement of goods
  • 3.1.2. Freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services.
  • 3.1.3. Conclusion
  • 3.2. The positive obligation of transparency
  • 3.3. Development of a general principle of equal treatment in public procurement
  • 4. Procurement within the scope of a directive
  • 4.1. The history and nature of the public procurement directives
  • 4.2. Horizontal policies under the directives: legislation, jurisprudence and soft law
  • 4.3. Overview of the Public Sector Directive and its main obligations
  • 4.3.1. Introduction
  • 4.3.2. Coverage
  • 4.3.3. The general principles
  • 4.3.4. The permitted procurement procedures and techniques
  • 4.3.5. Specifications and other contract requirements
  • 4.3.6. Exclusion and selection of tenderers
  • 4.3.7. Award criteria
  • 4.3.8. Information obligations
  • 3. A taxonomy of horizontal policies in public procurement
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Policies limited to compliance with general legal requirements and policies that go beyond legal compliance
  • 2.1 Policies limited to compliance with general legal requirements
  • 2.2 Policies that go beyond compliance with general legal requirements
  • 3. Policies confined to performance of the contract being awarded and policies that go beyond contract performance
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Policies confined to contract performance
  • i) The effect of the products, works or services when consumed
  • ii) The impact of production or delivery of the products, works or services
  • iii) The impact of disposal of the products, works or services
  • iv) Measures relating to the contract workforce ('workforce measures')
  • 3.3. Policies that go beyond contract performance
  • 4. Mechanisms for implementing horizontal policies
  • i. The decision to purchase, or not to purchase
  • ii. The decision on what to purchase
  • iii. Contractual requirements laid down by the purchaser
  • iv. Packaging and timing of orders
  • v. Set-asides.
  • Vi. Exclusion from contracts for non-compliance with government policies
  • vii. Preferences in inviting firms to tender
  • viii. Award criteria
  • ix. Measures for improving access to government contracts
  • 5. Conclusion
  • 4 Application of the EC Treaty and directives to horizontal policies: a critical review
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Horizontal policies and the EC Treaty: introductory remarks
  • 3. Industrial policies and the EC Treaty
  • 4. Social and environmental policies and the EC Treaty
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. The decision to purchase or not to purchase and the decision on what to purchase
  • 4.3 Contractual requirements laid down by the purchaser
  • 4.3.1. Requirements confined to contract performance
  • 4.3.2. Contractual requirements going beyond contract performance
  • 4.4. Packaging and timing of orders
  • 4.5. Set-asides
  • 4.6. Exclusion from contracts for non-compliance with government policies
  • 4.6.1. Provisions limited to compliance with general legal requirements
  • 4.6.2. Provisions that go beyond compliance with general legal requirements
  • 4.7. Preferences in inviting firms to tender
  • 4.8. Award criteria
  • 4.8.1. Award criteria confined to contract performance
  • 4.8.2. Award criteria that are not confined to contract performance
  • 4.9. Measures for improving access to government contracts
  • 4.10. Proving compliance with social and environmental measures under the EC Treaty
  • 4.11. Disclosure obligations under the EC Treaty
  • 5. Horizontal policies and the Public Sector Directive: introductory remarks
  • 6. The principles of equal treatment and non-discrimination in the directive
  • 7. The decision to purchase or not to purchase and the decision on what to purchase: impact of the directive
  • 8. Contractual requirements laid down by the purchaser: impact of the directive.
  • 8.1. Requirements confined to contract performance
  • 8.1.1. Requirements limited to compliance with general legal requirements
  • 8.1.2. Requirements that go beyond compliance with general legal requirements: introduction
  • 8.1.3. Requirements that go beyond compliance with general legal requirements: technical requirements
  • 8.1.4. Requirements that go beyond compliance with general legal requirements: special conditions
  • 8.1.5. A third category: social and environmental conditions that may not be included as contract requirements ('prohibited requirements')
  • 8.1.6. Classification of social and environmental requirements that go beyond legal compliance: technical requirements, special conditions or prohibited requirements?
  • 8.2. Contractual requirements going beyond contract performance
  • 9. Packaging and timing of orders: impact of the directive
  • 10. Exclusion from contracts for non-compliance with government policies: impact of the directive
  • 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.2. Exclusion for non-compliance with general regulatory requirements
  • 10.3. Exclusion for non-compliance with standards that go beyond regulatory requirements
  • 11. Set-asides: impact of the directive
  • 12. Preferences in inviting firms to tender: impact of the directive
  • 13. Award criteria: impact of the directive
  • 14. Conclusions: impact of the directive on Member States' discretion
  • 15. Obligations to use procurement as a policy tool: impact of the directive
  • 16. The impact of the Government Procurement Agreement and other international trade agreements
  • 5 The impact of the EC state aid rules on horizontal policies in public procurement
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The concept of state aid
  • 3. The case law of the European Courts and the case practice of the Commission
  • 3.1. The case law of the ECJ
  • 3.2. The case law of the CFI.
  • 3.3. The case practice of the Commission
  • 4. Horizontal policies as state aid?
  • 5. Application of the EC state aid rules on public procurement measures
  • 5.1. Relevant procurement situations
  • 5.2. Determination of the market price
  • 5.2.1. The 'market economy test'
  • 5.2.2. What would a private purchaser do?
  • 5.2.3. Which private investor?
  • 5.2.4. Which horizontal criteria?
  • 5.2.5. Which benchmark?
  • 5.2.6. Which procedure?
  • 6. Conclusions
  • 6 EC public procurement law and equality linkages: foundations for interpretation
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Some preliminary points
  • 3. Equal treatment as the basis of EU status equality law and procurement law
  • 3.1. Conceptions of equality and non-discrimination
  • 3.1.1. Equality and equality as 'rationality'
  • 3.1.2. Equality and equality as protective of other 'prized public goods'
  • 3.1.3. Equality as preventing 'status-harms' arising from discrimination on particular grounds
  • 3.1.4. Equality as proactive promotion of equality of opportunity between particular groups
  • 3.2. Equal treatment in Community law
  • 3.3. Status equality and procurement law: the same principle of equal treatment?
  • 3.4. Obligations to promote status equality in the procurement directives
  • 3.5. Equal treatment as an interpretative principle
  • 4. Freedom of contract and the subject matter of the contract
  • 5. Overall limits of the procurement directives: the limits of the Treaty
  • 6. Conclusion
  • 7 Disability issues in public procurement
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Disability laws at European and national level and in the United States
  • 3. Contract compliance
  • the United Kingdom experience
  • 4. Pre-existing possibilities for considering disability issues under the procurement directives
  • 4.1. Introduction.

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