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Improving Risk Communication.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
1988.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- IMPROVING RISK COMMUNICATION; Copyright; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Summary; A NEW PERSPECTIVE; COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT RISK COMMUNICATION; PROBLEMS OF RISK COMMUNICATION; Problems Deriving from the Institutional and Political Systems; Problems of Risk Communicators and Recipients; CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS; Management of the Process; Setting Realistic Goals; Safeguarding Openness; Safeguarding Balance and Accuracy in Risk Messages; Fostering Competence; Risk Communication in Crisis Conditions; Content of Risk Messages; Relating the Message to the Audiences' Perspectives.
- Handling UncertaintyComparing Risks; Ensuring Completeness; A Consumer's Guide to Risk and Risk Communication; Research Needs; 1 Introduction; THE NEW INTEREST IN "RISK COMMUNICATION"; Requirement for or Desire by Government to Inform; Desire to Overcome Opposition to Decisions; Desire to Share Power Between Government and Public Groups; Desire to Develop Effective Alternatives to Direct Regulatory Control; A NEW DEFINITION OF RISK COMMUNICATION; RISK MESSAGES AS PART OF THE RISK COMMUNICATION PROCESS; SUCCESSFUL RISK COMMUNICATION; NOTES; 2 Understanding Hazards and Risks.
- TOWARD QUANTIFICATION OF HAZARDSKNOWLEDGE NEEDED FOR RISK DECISIONS; Information About the Nature of Risks and Benefits; Information on Alternatives; Uncertainties in Knowledge About Risks and Benefits; Information on Management; Other Relevant Knowledge; Summary; GAPS AND UNCERTAINTIES IN KNOWLEDGE; Identification of Hazards; Estimation of Exposure; Estimation of the Probability of Harm; Identification of Synergistic Effects; Summary; SCIENTIFIC JUDGMENT AND ERRORS IN JUDGMENT; Inappropriate Reliance on Limited Data; Tendency to Impose Order on Random Events.
- Tendency to Fit Ambiguous Evidence into PredispositionsTendency to Systematically Omit Components of Risk; Overconfidence in the Reliability of Analyses; Summary; INFLUENCES OF HUMAN VALUES ON KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RISK; Choices of Numerical Measures for Risk; Values and the Attributes of Hazards; IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK COMMUNICATION; NOTES; 3 Conflict About Hazards and Risks; IS RISK INCREASING OR DECREASING?; It Is the Safest of Times; It Is the Riskiest of Times; Understanding the Conflict; CHANGES IN THE NATURE OF HAZARDS AND IN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THEM.
- Increased Understanding of Human Influence on HazardsWorsening Worst Cases; Unintended Side Effects; Changing Portfolio of Hazards; CHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETY; Increasing Affluence; Increasing Dependence of the Economy on Technology; Distrust of Institutions; The Environmental Movement; New Public Institutions; POLITICIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEBATE; Concepts of Regulation; Tort Law; Regulatory Procedures; Politically Potent Symbolic Events; Increased Focus on Science in Technological Debates; Institutionalization of Scientific Conflict; IMPLICATIONS OF CONFLICT FOR COMMUNICATION.