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Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
1991.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards
- Copyright
- Preface
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- Purpose of the Study
- Current Use of Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment
- CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
- Characteristics of Animal Sentinel Systems
- Species
- Exposure Sources
- Duration of Exposure
- Measures of Effect
- Reference Populations
- Objectives of Monitoring Animals Sentinels
- Advantages and Limitations of Animal Sentinel Systems
- Multifactorial Causality
- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to HumansFOOD ANIMALS AS SENTINELS
- COMPANION ANIMALS AS SENTINELS
- FISH AND OTHER WILDLIFE AS SENTINELS
- ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
- SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
- 1 Introduction
- OVERVIEW
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- HISTORICAL USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS
- CURRENT USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
- 2 Concepts and Definitions
- CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMSSpecies
- A sentinel should have a measurable response (including accumulation of tissue residues) to the agent or class of agents ...
- A sentinel should have a territory or home range that overlaps the area to be monitored
- A sentinel species should be easily enumerated and captured
- A sentinel species must have sufficient population size and density to permit enumeration
- Exposure Sources
- Duration of Exposure
- Measures of Effect
- Reference Populations
- OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING ANIMAL SENTINELS
- Human Health EffectsContamination of the Food Chain
- Environmental Contamination
- Adverse Effects on Animals
- ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Descriptive Epidemiology
- Analytic Epidemiologic
- ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS
- Multifactorial Causality
- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to Humans
- 3 Food Animals as Sentinels
- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Food Safety and Inspection ServiceNational Animal Health Monitoring System
- Market Cattle Identification Program
- Food and Drug Administration
- Shellfish Monitoring Programs
- The National Animal Poison Information Network
- Outbreak Investigation
- Methyl Mercury in Fish
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chickens
- Polybrominated Biphenyls in Cattle
- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Sheep and Heavy Metals
- Cattle and Heavy Metals
- Cattle and Fluoride
- SUMMARY
- 4 Companion Animals as Sentinels
- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES