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Indigenous Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Property Rights : Learning from the New Zealand Experience?.

Now more than ever, Indigenous peoples' interests in their cultural heritage are in the spotlight. Yet, there is very little literature that comprehensively discusses how existing laws can and cannot be used to address Indigenous peoples' interests. This book assesses how intangible aspect...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Autor principal:	Lai, Jessica Christine
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Dordrecht : Springer, 2014.
Temas:	Indigenous peoples > Legal status, laws, etc. > New Zealand. Intellectual property. Propriété intellectuelle. intellectual property. Indigenous peoples > Legal status, laws, etc. Intellectual property New Zealand
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo

Tabla de Contenidos:

Intro
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
References
Chapter 2: MÄ#x81;ori Culture in the Contemporary World
2.1 Justifying Increased Rights
2.1.1 Identity, Overall Well-Being and Socio-Economic Development
2.1.2 The Treaty of Waitangi and Its Guarantees
(a) The Waitangi Tribunal
(b) Article 2
(c) Treaty Principles
(d) The Partnership
(e) The Treaty and Intangible Taonga
2.2 The Use and Trade of MÄ#x81;ori Culture
2.2.1 MÄ#x81;ori Culture in Modern-Day New Zealand
(a) From the Perspective of MÄ#x81;ori
(b) From the Perspective of New Zealand as a Whole
2.2.2 Appropriation of MÄ#x81;ori Culture in New Zealand
(a) The Integration of MÄ#x81;ori Culture into New Zealand Culture
(b) Freedom of Expression and Fundamental Rights
(c) Pre-determining Offence: MÄ#x81;ori Representatives and ``ExpertsÂ´Â´
(d) Can MÄ#x81;ori Misappropriate Their Own Culture?
(i) UNDRIP: Collective Versus Individual Rights
(ii) A Responsibility of MÄ#x81;ori Individuals?
(iii) Appropriation Between Communities
(e) Summary
2.2.3 Issues Relating to Global Use of MÄ#x81;ori Culture
(a) Difficulties in Control Internationally
(b) Derivation from TK or Taonga GRs
(c) What Is MÄ#x81;ori Consultation or Consent?
(d) Is International Manufacture an Allowable Development?
(e) Summary
2.2.4 Extrapolating What Is Needed
2.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Intellectual Property and Other Intangibles
3.1 The Limitations of the Western Concept of Property
3.2 The Public Domain
3.2.1 A Mismatch of Concepts
3.2.2 A ``DynamicÂ´Â´ or ``ViableÂ´Â´ Public Domain
3.2.3 The Public Domain as Changeable
3.2.4 Possible Solutions?
3.3 Misunderstandings About Intellectual Property
3.3.1 IP Can Be Used for Indigenous Cultural Heritage
3.3.2 IP Is Not Non-cultural.
3.3.3 IP Is Not Inherently Evil
3.4 Intellectual Property and Indigenous Interests
3.4.1 Copyright Law
(a) General Problems with Copyright Law
(b) The Use of Moral Rights
(c) PerformersÂ´ Rights
(d) Commissioning Works
(e) Anonymous and Orphan Works
(f) International Human Rights Law
3.4.2 Trade Marks Law
(a) Refusing and Revoking Trade Marks Offensive to MÄ#x81;ori
(i) Trade Marks MÄ#x81;ori Advisory Committee
(ii) The Prior Ad-Hoc Mechanism
(iii) Terminology and Interpretation
(iv) 1997 MÄ#x81;ori Trade Marks Focus Group Report
(v) Limitations
(vi) Arguments Against the System
(b) Collective and Certification Marks: ``Toi IhoÂ´Â´
(i) The Establishment of Toi Iho ``MÄ#x81;ori MadeÂ´Â´
(ii) Toi IhoÂ´s Standards
(iii) Government Disinvestment: A New Beginning
3.4.3 Geographical Indications
(a) GI Protection Under TRIPS
(b) GI Protection in New Zealand
(c) GIs for Indigenous Peoples: Ideological (Dis)connections?
(d) Practical Issues with Using GIs
(e) Negotiations for Stronger Protection in TRIPS
(f) GIs Compared to Certification Marks
(g) Summary
3.4.4 Patent Law
(a) Difficulties in Using Patent Law for TK
(b) Specific Issues in New Zealand
(c) Exclusions from Patentability
(i) Patents MÄ#x81;ori Advisory Committee
(ii) Law and IPONZ Policy Under the 1953 Act
(iii) Potential Limitations and Criticism
(iv) Other Exclusions from Patentability
(d) Biotechnology Patents
(e) Disclosure of Prior Art, PIC and ABS
(i) The CBD and Nagoya Protocol
(ii) The CBD, IPRs and TRIPS Agreement
(iii) General Problems with PIC and ABS
3.4.5 Plant Variety Rights
(a) What Is ``NewÂ´Â´?
(b) Opposing Denominations
(c) Other Limits of Existing Law
3.5 IP-Related Rights, or a Sui Generis System?
3.5.1 Passing Off
3.5.2 Consumer Protection Law
3.5.3 Domain Name Law.
3.5.4 Breach of Confidence
(a) The ``Necessary Quality of ConfidenceÂ´Â´
(b) An Obligation of Confidence
(c) Showing ``HarmÂ´Â´
(d) The ``Public InterestÂ´Â´ Defence
(e) Use for Enforcing Customary Law
(f) The Informational/Tangible Divide
(g) Summary
3.5.5 Trade Secrets
(a) In New Zealand
(b) International Law
(c) The Desirability of Secrecy
3.5.6 Right to OneÂ´s ``Own ImageÂ´Â´?
(a) The Tort of Privacy
(b) Law of Defamation
(c) An Exclusive Right to Self-Representation?
(d) An Exclusive Right to Self-Research?
3.5.7 Sui Generis Systems: Ownership-Like and Perpetual Protection
(a) The WIPO Drafts
(b) Potential Problems
(c) A Look to the Future
3.6 The Mataatua Declaration (1993)
3.7 Concluding Thoughts
References
Chapter 4: Guardianship and the Wai 262 Report
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Wai 262 Report
4.3 Kaitiakitanga Versus ``PropertyÂ´Â´
4.4 Issues of the Public Domain
4.5 IP, Taonga Works and Their Underlying MÄ#x81;tauranga MÄ#x81;ori
4.5.1 Important Definitions
(a) Taonga Works
(b) Taonga-Derived Works
(c) MÄ#x81;tauranga MÄ#x81;ori
4.5.2 The Balance Against Other Interests
(a) Offensive/Derogatory Public Use
(i) What Is ``OffensiveÂ´Â´ or ``DerogatoryÂ´Â´?
(ii) To Whom Must It Be Offensive?
(b) Non-offensive Commercial Use
(c) Non-commercial Public Use
(d) Private Use
4.5.3 The Legal Framework and General Recommendations
(a) The Interface with Intellectual Property
(b) Declaratory Rulings
(c) Guidelines and a Register of Kaitiaki Interests
(d) Make-Up of the Commission
4.6 IP, Taonga Species and Related MÄ#x81;tauranga MÄ#x81;ori
4.6.1 Taonga Species
4.6.2 MÄ#x81;tauranga MÄ#x81;ori in Taonga Species
4.6.3 Recommendations and Proposed Reforms
(a) Bioprospecting
(b) GM Research Applications
(c) Patent Law
(d) Plant Variety Rights Law.
(E) Locating the Relevant Kaitiaki: A Local Approach?
(f) The Place of Voluntary Codes and Guidelines
4.7 TRIPS and Other International IP Obligations
4.7.1 Copyright
(a) Limiting an OwnerÂ´s Use
(b) Residual Owner Rights
(c) Ordering the Destruction of Works
4.7.2 Industrial Design
4.7.3 Trade Marks
4.7.4 Patents
4.8 Compliancy with GATT
4.9 Support in UNDRIP
4.9.1 Rights to Culture and Cultural Diversity
4.9.2 Rights over Culture and Cultural Heritage
4.10 Concluding Thoughts
References
Chapter 5: Bringing It All Together: An Overall Reflection
5.1 Formation of a Representative Body
5.2 Trade in New Zealand
5.3 An International Dimension?
5.4 Should There Be Time Limits?
5.5 Discriminatory Against Non-MÄ#x81;ori?
5.6 Final Words
References
Glossary.

Indigenous Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Property Rights : Learning from the New Zealand Experience?.

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