Cargando…
Biomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction : practical design and theory /
Biomass is the most widely used non-fossil fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long-term given the increasing proliferation of dedicated energy crops for biofuels. The second edition of Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis is enhanced with new topics, such as torr...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London ; San Diego :
Academic Press,
2013.
|
| Edición: | 2nd ed. |
| Colección: | Engineering professional collection
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis, and Torrefaction; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; About the Author; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Biomass and its Products; 1.1.1 Products of Biomass; 1.1.1.1 Chemicals Industries; 1.1.1.2 Energy Industries; 1.1.1.3 Transport Industries; 1.1.1.4 Environmental Industries; 1.2 Biomass Conversion; 1.2.1 Biochemical Conversion; 1.2.2 Thermochemical Conversion; 1.2.2.1 Combustion; 1.2.2.2 Pyrolysis; 1.2.2.3 Torrefaction; 1.2.2.4 Gasification; 1.2.2.5 Liquefaction; 1.3 Motivation for Biomass Conversion; 1.3.1 Renewability Benefits.
- 1.3.2 Environmental Benefits1.3.2.1 Carbon-Neutral Feature of Biomass; 1.3.2.2 Sulfur Removal; 1.3.2.3 Nitrogen Removal; 1.3.2.4 Dust and Hazardous Gases; 1.3.3 Sociopolitical Benefits; 1.4 Historical Background; 1.5 Commercial Attraction of Gasification; 1.5.1 Comparison of Gasification and Combustion; 1.6 Brief Description of Some Biomass Conversion Processes; 1.6.1 Torrefaction; 1.6.2 Pyrolysis; 1.6.3 Combustion of Carbon; 1.6.4 Gasification of Carbon; 1.6.5 Syngas Production; 1.6.6 Methanol Synthesis; 1.6.7 Ammonia Synthesis; 1.6.8 Fischer-Tropsch Reaction; 1.6.9 Methanation Reaction.
- Symbols and Nomenclature2 Economic Issues of Biomass Energy Conversion; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Biomass Availability and Products; 2.2.1 Availability Assessment; 2.2.1.1 Energy Crop; 2.2.1.2 Biomass Cost; 2.2.2 Product Revenue from Biomass Conversion; 2.2.2.1 Energy Revenue; 2.2.2.2 Revenue from Chemicals; 2.2.2.3 Revenue from Secondary Fuel Production; 2.3 Biomass Conversion Process Plant Equipment and Cost; 2.3.1 Biomass Collection System; 2.3.2 Preprocessing; 2.3.3 Gasifier Cost; 2.3.4 Torrefier Cost; 2.3.5 Pyrolyzer Cost; 2.3.6 Comparison of Capital Costs; 2.4 Financial Analysis.
- 2.4.1 Capital Cost Adjustment for Size and Time2.4.1.1 Scale-Up with Size; 2.4.1.2 Scale-Up with Time; 2.4.2 Capital Requirement; 2.4.3 Operation and Maintenance Cost; 2.4.3.1 Carrying Charge; 2.4.3.2 Revenue Requirement; Symbols and Nomenclature; 3 Biomass Characteristics; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 What Is Biomass?; 3.2.1 Biomass Formation; 3.2.2 Types of Biomass; 3.2.2.1 Lignocellulosic Biomass; 3.2.2.2 Crops and Vegetables; 3.2.2.3 Waste Biomass; 3.3 Structure of Biomass; 3.3.1 Structure of Wood; 3.3.2 Constituents of Biomass Cells; 3.3.2.1 Cellulose; 3.3.2.2 Hemicellulose; 3.3.2.3 Lignin.
- 3.4 General Classification of Fuels3.4.1 Atomic Ratio; 3.4.2 Relative Proportions of Lignocellulosic Components; 3.4.3 Ternary Diagram; 3.5 Properties of Biomass; 3.5.1 Physical Properties; 3.5.1.1 Densities; True Density; Apparent Density; Bulk Density; Biomass (Growth) Density; 3.5.2 Thermodynamic Properties; 3.5.2.1 Thermal Conductivity; 3.5.2.2 Specific Heat; 3.5.2.3 Heat of Formation; 3.5.2.4 Heat of Combustion (Reaction); 3.5.2.5 Heating Value; 3.5.2.6 Ignition Temperature; 3.6 Composition of Biomass; 3.6.1 Ultimate Analysis; 3.6.2 Proximate Analysis; 3.6.2.1 Volatile Matter.