Cargando…
The biology of multiple sclerosis /
"Multiple sclerosis is the most common debilitating neurological disease in people under the age of forty in the developed world. Many publications cover medical and clinical approaches to the disease; however, The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis provides a clear and concise up-to-date overview o...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge ; New York :
Cambridge University Press,
2012.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis
- Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Introduction: the biological basis
- History of discovery
- Characteristics of the disease
- Diagnosis
- Clinical signs
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Autopsy
- Evidence for an environmental factor
- Nature of the environmental factor
- Viruses
- Vitamin D
- Evidence for a genetic factor
- Disease mechanisms
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 2 Neuropathology of multiple sclerosis
- Background
- Demyelinating disorders of the CNS
- History of MS pathology
- Pathological subtypes of MS
- Marburg´s disease
- Balo's concentric sclerosis
- Neuromyelitis optica
- Schilder´s disease
- Tumefactive MS
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
- Acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy
- Multiple sclerosis
- MS: gross pathology
- Distribution of lesions
- Histopathology
- Demyelination
- Remyelination
- Neurodegeneration and axonal damage
- Oligodendrocyte damage
- Astrocytes
- Mitochondrial damage
- Stress proteins
- Lesion staging and evolution
- White matter lesions
- The pre-active lesion
- The active lesion
- The chronic active lesion
- The chronic inactive lesion
- Periplaque white matter
- Cortical grey matter pathology
- The type 1 lesion
- The type 2 lesion
- The type 3 lesion
- The type 4 lesion
- Deep grey matter
- Spinal cord
- The meninges
- Inflammation
- Innate immunity
- Microglia and macrophages
- Adaptive immunity
- T cells
- B cells
- Blood-brain barrier
- Conclusions
- Conflict of interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 3 Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- Background
- History of EAE
- Induction of EAE
- Adjuvants
- Autoantigens
- Immunisation protocols
- EAE protocol for ABH mice
- Clinical scoring
- Disease courses.
- Choice of model
- Mice
- Rats
- Guinea pigs
- Marmosets
- Rhesus macaques
- Pathology of EAE
- Localisation of lesions
- Demyelination
- Remyelination
- Oligodendrocyte damage and death
- Neurodegeneration and axonal damage
- Astrocyte pathology
- BBB and vascular damage
- Immune mechanisms
- Innate immunity
- Adaptive immunity
- Mutant and transgenic mouse models
- Guidelines for using, reporting, and reviewing EAE studies
- Materials and methods
- Results
- Conclusions
- Conflict of interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 4 Immunology of MS
- Introduction
- Tolerance and autoimmunity
- Pathogenesis of MS
- Myelin antigens
- Progression of MS
- Role of the innate immune system
- Dendritic cells
- Microglial cells and macrophages
- Natural killer cells and natural killer T cells
- gammadelta T cells
- The contribution of innate immunity during different stages of MS and EAE
- The role of the adaptive immune system in MS
- CD4+ T cells
- CD8+ T cells
- B cells
- Regulatory T cells
- Immunomodulatory therapies for MS
- First-line therapy for RRMS
- Second-line therapies for RRMS
- Emerging therapies
- SPMS and PPMS
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 5 Animal models based on virus infection
- Theiler's virus
- Determinants of disease
- Demyelination
- Semliki Forest virus
- Virulence determinants
- Demyelination
- JHM coronavirus
- Demyelination
- Relevance to MS
- Viruses as potential gene therapy agents in the treatment of MS
- Herpesvirus vectors
- Adenovirus vectors
- Retrovirus vectors
- Vaccinia virus vectors
- Alphavirus vectors
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 6 Viruses in the etiology of MS
- Measles and rubella viruses
- Characteristics of the viruses
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
- Measles inclusion body encephalitis.
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- Progressive rubella panencephalitis
- Link with MS?
- Herpesviruses
- Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Human herpesvirus type 6
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Conclusions
- Retroviruses
- Association with MS
- Natalizumab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- JC virus
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Risk assessment
- Human viruses and MS
- References
- Chapter 7 Epilogue: conclusions and future directions
- References
- Index.