On the take : criminalizing illicit enrichment to fight corruption /

Despite broad international recognition of the criminalization of illicit enrichment, it has not been universally accepted as an anti-corruption measure. Instead, criminalization of illicit enrichment continues to generate extensive debate and controversy. Against this background, this volume aims t...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Muzila, Lindy
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : World Bank, 2012.
Colección:Stolen asset recovery series.
Temas:
Unjust enrichment (International law)
Enrichissement injustifié (Droit international)
LAW > Criminal Law > General.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: Methodology
  • How to Use This Study
  • 1. Basis of Illicit Enrichment
  • 1.1. Rationale for Criminalizing Illegal Enrichment
  • 1.2. Prosecution of Illicit Enrichment
  • 1.3. Origins and Development of the Offense
  • 2. Defining Illicit Enrichment
  • 2.1. International and Domestic Definitions
  • 2.2. Elements of the Offense
  • 2.2.1. Persons of Interest
  • 2.2.2. Period of Interest or Period of Check
  • 2.2.3. Significant Increase in Assets
  • 2.2.4. Intent
  • 2.2.5. Absence of Justification
  • 2.3. Observations
  • 3. Human Rights and Constitutional Aspects
  • 3.1. Main Principles at Stake
  • 3.1.1. Presumption of Innocence
  • 3.1.2. Protection against Self-Incrimination
  • 3.1.3. Principle of Legality
  • 3.2. Legal Presumptions Contained in Offenses Other Than Illicit Enrichment
  • 3.3. Protection of the Rights of the Accused in Illicit Enrichment Proceedings
  • 3.4. Observations
  • 4. Operational Aspects
  • 4.1. Triggering Investigations on Illicit Enrichment
  • 4.1.1. Income and Asset Disclosures
  • 4.1.2. Lifestyle Checks and Complaints
  • 4.1.3. Suspicious Transaction Reports
  • 4.1.4. Other Investigations
  • 4.2. Strengthening Investigations on Illicit Enrichment
  • 4.2.1. Domestic Coordination
  • 4.2.2. Building a Financial Profile
  • 4.2.3. Tools and Skills to Facilitate Investigations
  • 4.3. Process and Interaction with the Public Official during the Investigation
  • 4.3.1. Stages of the Procedure
  • 4.4. Enforcing Illicit Enrichment: The Challenges
  • 4.4.1. Access to Registries and Relevant Databases
  • 4.4.2. Cash Economies and Valuation of Properties
  • 4.4.3. Use of Third Parties
  • 4.4.4. Original Solutions to Overcome Challenges
  • 4.5. Assessing the Effectiveness of an Illicit Enrichment Regime
  • 4.5.1. Penalties and Forfeiture
  • 4.5.2. Performance
  • 4.6. Observations
  • 5. International Cooperation
  • 5.1. Addressing Dual Criminality
  • 5.2. Meeting Evidentiary and Due Process Standards
  • 5.3. Legal Cooperation Regime
  • 5.4. Observations
  • Appendix A Illicit Enrichment Provisions
  • Appendix B Jurisdictions with Illicit Enrichment Provisions and Rankings for Rule of Law, Control of Corruption, and GDP per Capita, 2009
  • Appendix C Illicit Enrichment Questionnaire
  • Background Information
  • Legal Framework
  • Application Data
  • International Cooperation
  • Asset Recovery
  • Challenges
  • Boxes
  • 1.1. State v. Mzumar: Malawi
  • 3.1. Administrative Forfeiture in Switzerland
  • 4.1. Related Offenses
  • 4.2. Benamis in India
  • 4.3. Alsogaray Case in Argentina
  • 5.1. U.S. and International Cooperation on Illicit Enrichment
  • Figures
  • 2.1. General Sequence of Events in an Illicit Enrichment Case
  • 4.1. Triggers of Illicit Enrichment Investigations in India
  • Tables
  • 2.1. Definitions of Illicit Enrichment in International Conventions
  • 2.2. Definitions of Illicit Enrichment in National Legislation
  • 4.1. Investigation, Prosecution, and Conviction of Illicit Enrichment and Other Corruption Offenses in Argentina, 2000-09.

Ejemplares similares