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Phytonutrients /
Plants are a major source of nutrition in our diet, and offer an array of health benefits, yet many Western diets are still over-reliant upon animal-based foods. Growing evidence suggests that this emphasis on foods of animal origin may be linked to increased incidences of cancer and cardiovascular...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken :
Wiley-Blackwell,
2012.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Phytonutrients
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- 1 Plant foods and health
- Introduction
- Historical changes in the plant content of the human diet
- Changing composition of dietary constituents in the past 50 years
- Plants
- nutrients and other constituents
- A summary of the evidence linking plant food intake and health
- Coronary heart disease and stroke
- Fruits and vegetables
- Pulses and nuts
- Cereals
- Antioxidant nutrients
- Other bioactive substances
- Antioxidant hypothesis
- Phytosterols and -stanols
- Conclusions for coronary heart disease and stroke
- Cancer
- Fruit and vegetables
- Legumes and nuts
- Foods containing fibre
- Vitamins
- Other plant-derived substances
- Conclusions for cancer
- Type 2 diabetes
- Age-related macular degeneration and cataract
- Age-related cognitive decline
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Osteoporosis and bone health
- Plant foods and health: overall conclusions
- Recommendations and current policy on plant food intake
- Fruit and vegetables
- Wholegrain foods
- Current consumption patterns
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgement
- 2 Carbohydrates and lipids
- Introduction
- Major carbohydrates
- Sugars
- Polysaccharides
- Starch
- Cell wall polymers
- Biosynthesis of cell wall polymers
- Cell wall turnover
- Nutritional benefits of plant carbohydrates
- Major sources of dietary fibre within the diet and recommended intakes
- Definition and measurement of dietary fibre
- Physiological effects of dietary fibre
- Lipids
- Synthesis of fatty acids in plants
- Synthesis of glycerolipids in plants
- Modification of plant lipids
- Fatty acid composition of plant foods
- Vegetables
- Cereals
- Fruit
- Oil seeds
- Dietary lipids and human health
- Phytosterols
- 3 Carotenoids
- Introduction.
- Structure, biosynthesis and function of plant carotenoids
- Dietary sources and health benefits
- Absorption and bioavailability of dietary carotenoids
- Carotenoid type
- Food matrix
- Carotenoid metabolism in humans
- Meeting the dietary demand and consequences for imbalance
- Acknowledgements
- 4 Polyphenols
- Introduction
- Polyphenol structure
- Phenolic acids and stilbenes
- Flavonoids
- Biosynthetic routes within the plant
- Shikimic precursor and benzoic acid biosynthesis
- Cinnamic acid biosynthesis
- Stilbene biosynthesis
- Flavonoid biosynthesis
- Major sources within the diet
- Phenolic acids and stilbenes
- Flavonoids
- Flavonols
- Flavanones
- Flavanols
- Flavones
- Anthocyanins
- Isoflavones
- Metabolic fate of dietary polyphenols
- Gastrointestinal tract metabolism
- Colonic metabolism
- Role in human health
- Flavonoids as classical antioxidants
- Non-antioxidant activities of flavonoids
- Interactions with cell signalling pathways
- Other potential mechanisms of action
- Conclusion
- Summary
- Acknowledgements
- 5 Vitamins C and E
- Introduction
- Vitamin C: structure and chemistry
- Dietary sources of vitamin C
- Vitamin C: biosynthesis and metabolism in plants
- Vitamin C functions in plants
- Vitamin C manipulation in plants
- Absorption and transport of vitamin C in mammals
- Vitamin E: structure and chemistry
- Dietary sources of vitamin E
- Vitamin E: biosynthetic pathways
- Roles of tocochromanols in plants
- Manipulation of tocochromanol concentration
- Absorption and transport of vitamin E in mammals
- Antioxidant functions of vitamin E
- 6 Folate
- Introduction
- One-carbon metabolism
- Generation and interconversion of C1-units
- Serine-glycine metabolism
- Formate activation
- Histidine catabolism
- Interconvertion of C1-substituted folates.
- Utilisation of C1-units
- Methionine synthesis
- Purine ring formation
- Formylation of methionyl-tRNA
- Thymidylate synthesis
- Pantothenate synthesis
- Folate synthesis and distribution in plants
- Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate in plants
- Pterin branch
- pABA branch
- Assembly of the pterin, pABA and glutamate moieties
- Reduction and polyglutamylation
- Catabolism and salvage pathway
- Compartmentation and transport of folates
- Subcellular location of folates
- Folate transporters
- Folates distribution in plants
- Physiology of folate in human health and disease
- Absorption
- Transport, storage, catabolism and excretion
- Metabolic and clinical manifestations of folate deficiency
- Diagnosis of folate deficiency
- Folate bioavailability, requirements and food fortification
- Bioavailability
- Dietary intake recommendations
- Dietary sources of folate
- Food fortification
- Prospects for plant foods biofortification
- 7 Phytoestrogens
- Introduction
- Biosynthesis of phytoestrogens
- Introduction
- Isoflavonoids
- Prenylated flavonoids
- Stilbenes
- Lignans
- Genetic engineering
- Isoflavonoids
- Introduction
- Dietary sources and intakes
- Metabolism and bioavailability
- Isoflavonoids and cancer prevention
- Hormone-dependent cancer prevention by isoflavonoids
- Oestrogens and risk of breast cancer
- Oestrogen receptor-mediated events
- Animal models
- Mechanisms of anticancer action of isoflavonoids
- Clinical studies
- Protection by isoflavonoids against cardiovascular disease
- Cholesterol-lowering and isoflavonoids
- Antioxidant action
- Arterial function
- Cellular effects
- Protection by isoflavonoids against osteoporosis, cognitive decline and menopausal symptoms?
- Osteoporosis
- Menopausal symptoms and cognitive decline
- Isoflavonoids: potential risks
- Lignans.
- Introduction
- Production of mammalian lignans
- Cardiovascular disease
- Breast cancer prevention
- Prostate cancer prevention
- Prevention of other types of cancer
- Other health benefits
- Prenylflavonoids
- Stilbenes
- Miroestrol
- Deoxybenzoins
- Coumestans
- Phytoestrogens and human health: conclusions
- 8 Plant minerals
- Introduction
- Genetic variation in plant mineral concentration
- Introduction
- Between-species genetic variation in plant mineral concentration
- Within-species genetic variation in plant mineral concentration
- Iron and zinc
- Iodine and selenium
- Calcium and magnesium
- Copper
- Has the mineral concentration of crops declined due to breeding for increased yield?
- Evidence for a decline in mineral concentration of horticultural crops
- Is there evidence for a decline in mineral concentration of staple crops?
- A case study on potatoes
- a précis of White et al. (2009)
- Index.