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Eruptions that Shook the World.
A spellbinding exploration of the history's greatest volcanic events and their impacts on the history of humankind.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press,
2011.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; 1 Fire and brimstone: how volcanoes work; 1.1 Origins of volcanoes: the mantle; 1.2 Magma; 1.3 Eruption parameters; 1.3.1 Explosive and effusive volcanism; 1.3.2 Magnitude; 1.3.3 Intensity; 1.4 Summary; 2 Eruption styles, hazards and ecosystem impacts; 2.1 Eruption clouds; 2.1.1 Hazards; 2.2 Tephra falls; 2.2.1 Hazards; 2.2.2 Ash fertilisation; 2.3 Pyroclastic currents & caldera formation; 2.3.1 Hazards; 2.4 Lava flows and domes; 2.4.1 Hazards; 2.5 Rock avalanches and mudflows; 2.5.1 Hazards; 2.6 Tsunami; 2.6.1 Hazards.
- 2.7 Earthquakes2.7.1 Hazards; 2.8 Volcanic gas emissions; 2.8.1 Hazards; 2.9 Recovery of ecosystems; 2.10 Volcanic disasters; 2.11 Summary; 3 Volcanoes and global climate change; 3.1 Pinatubo's global cloud; 3.1.1 Optical illusions; 3.2 Atmospheric and climatic change; 3.2.1 Effects on light and heat radiation; 3.2.2 Summer cooling, winter warming; 3.2.3 Oceanic response; 3.2.4 Biological feedbacks; 3.2.5 Stratospheric ozone depletion; 3.3 Recipe for a climate-forcing eruption; 3.3.1 Sulphur content and eruption magnitude; 3.3.2 Eruption intensity and style; 3.3.3 Eruption location.
- 3.3.4 Eruption timing3.4 Summary; 4 Forensic volcanology; 4.1 Reading the rocks; 4.1.1 Characteristics of tephra deposits; 4.1.2 Estimating eruption parameters; Eruption magnitude; Eruption intensity; 4.1.3 Dating eruptions; Potassium and argon; Radiocarbon; Fission tracks; 4.1.4 Tephrochronology; 4.1.5 Volatile yields; 4.2 Ice cores; 4.2.1 Geochemical fingerprinting; 4.2.2 Volatile yields; 4.3 Tree rings; 4.4 Summary; 5 Relics, myths and chronicles; 5.1 Archaeological perspectives; 5.1.1 El Salvador's 'Pompeii'; 5.1.2 Arenal volcano, Costa Rica; 5.1.3 Papua New Guinea; 5.2 Oral traditions.
- 5.2.1 Mt Pinatubo 1991: an eruption foretold5.2.2 Kilauea; 5.2.3 Mt Mazama; 5.3 Crepuscular lights, cannonades and chronicles; 5.3.1 Visual arts; 5.4 Volcano forensics: a case study; 5.4.1 The 1861 eruption of Dubbi volcano; 5.5 Summary; 6 Killer plumes; 6.1 Mass extinctions; 6.2 More about LIPs; 6.3 LIP origins; 6.4 LIPs, bolides and extinctions: the coincidences; 6.4.1 The end of the dinosaurs; 6.4.2 Is the Earth's mantle a serial killer?; 6.5 Kill mechanisms; 6.6 Hot LIPS and cold SLIPS; 6.6.1 LIPs, 'volcanic winters' and 'snowball Earth'; 6.7 Summary; 7 Human origins.
- 7.1 The East African Rift Valley7.2 The first humans; 7.3 The Middle Stone Age and modern humans; 7.3.1 Human migrations: push and pull; 7.3.2 Out of Africa (again); 7.4 Summary; 8 The ash giant/sulphur dwarf; 8.1 The eruption; 8.1.1 When did it happen?; 8.1.2 What was it like?; 8.2 Sulphur yield of the eruption; 8.3 Climate change; 8.3.1 Climate models; 8.3.2 Palaeoenvironmental evidence; 8.4 The human story; 8.4.1 Counter-arguments; 8.5 Focus on India; 8.6 Summary; 9 European volcanism in prehistory; 9.1 The Campanian eruption and the human revolution in Palaeolithic Europe.