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Safe water in healthcare : a practical and clinical guide /
Safe Water in Healthcare: A Practical and Clinical Guide enables users from different disciplines to understand all types of waterborne hazards that can pose a risk to those who might be exposed, the events which cause them to be present, what may precipitate an increase in their levels that may cau...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London :
Academic Press,
2023.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Safe Water in Healthcare: A Practical and Clinical Guide
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgment
- 1 Importance of leadership and governance
- Overview
- Leadership
- Governance
- In summary
- References
- 2 Design, construction, and commissioning of healthcare water systems
- Introduction to designing safe water systems
- Project water safety plan
- Project governance and accountability
- Project WSG skills and competencies
- Consultation
- Supply water
- Patient risk factors
- Drains
- Supported learning
- Commissioning
- Commissioning plans
- System filling
- Case study: Failures in filling the water system
- Case study: Failures due to partial occupation of a hospital build program
- Handover
- Partial handover
- Examples of checks for commissioning and handover within the project WSP
- References
- 3 Overview and introduction to safe water in healthcare
- Background
- How do bacteria get into buildings' water systems?
- Water supply to healthcare buildings
- Mains water supply
- Case study: Microbial contamination of water supply
- Private water supplies
- Monitoring water supplies
- Maintaining water supply in an emergency
- Bottled water
- Water distribution within healthcare buildings
- Introduction to biofilms
- Case study: Microbial contamination of flexible hoses
- What areas of the water system present microbial risks?
- Learning points
- References
- 4 Cold water systems
- Introduction
- The cold water supply
- Microbial hazards in the supply water
- Water quality within the building
- Why do you need cold water storage?
- Design and construction of cold water storage vessels
- How much cold water should be stored?
- Temperature management of the cold water
- Microbiological risks associated with cold water tanks.
- Case study: Cleanliness of storage tanks
- Monitoring of the cold water system
- Case study: Excessive cold water temperatures in new build
- Case study: Filling sections prior to completion
- Maintaining cold water supply in an emergency
- Recommendations for cold water systems
- Learning points
- Risk assessing the cold water system
- Guidance, regulations, and further reading relevant for cold water systems
- References
- 5 Hot water heating systems
- Hot water system
- Temperature requirements for hot water calorifier, flow, and returns?
- Balancing the system
- Case study 1
- System design and temperature monitoring
- How is hot water produced?
- What is stratification?
- Electrical immersion-type calorifiers
- Combination water heaters
- Microbiological problems with calorifiers and hot water systems?
- Case study 2: What to do when a bolus of potentially contaminated material is injected into your hot water system?
- Transmission routes for calorifiers and hot water systems?
- Monitoring hot water systems
- Recommendation for hot water heaters
- Regulations and guidance for hot water heaters
- Risk assessing the hot water system
- References
- 6 Systemic contamination
- Identifying systemic contamination?
- How does systemic contamination occur?
- What are the impacts of systemic contamination?
- Case study involving Legionella
- Case study involving Cupriavidus pauculus
- Case study involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Monitoring systemic contamination
- Recommendation for systemic contamination
- Issues to consider when risk assessing systemic contamination?
- Guidance for systemic contamination
- References
- 7 Peripheral components
- Introduction
- Why are peripheral components colonized?
- Case study: Outbreak associated with peripheral components that were contaminated with P. aeruginosa.
- Strainers to trap harmful debris
- Thermostatic mixer valves
- What is a thermostatic mixer valve and how does it work?
- What are the different types of thermostatic mixer valves?
- Why are TMVs used?
- What are the risks of scalding?
- Where should you not install TMVs?
- How should TMVs be maintained?
- What are the regulations concerning TMVs?
- Microbial problems associated with TMVs
- Solenoids
- What is a solenoid and how does it work?
- Why and where are solenoids used?
- How should solenoids be maintained?
- What are the regulations in the use of solenoids?
- What microbial problems are associated with solenoids?
- Flexible hoses
- What is a flexible hose?
- What are flexible hoses used for?
- What are the microbiological problems with flexible hoses?
- Outbreaks associated with flexible hoses
- What are the alternatives to EPDM?
- What are the regulations concerning flexible hoses?
- What other types of peripheral components are used?
- External influences on the safe use of water in a wash hand station
- Manual separate hot and cold taps
- Manual operated single-lever taps
- Pedestal taps
- Swan neck taps
- Thermostatic mixer tap
- Elbow levers
- Knee or foot-operated water outlets
- Sensor-operated tap
- Different type of outlets fittings
- Aerators
- Flow straighteners
- Recommendations for peripheral components
- Risk assessment considerations for peripheral components
- Regulations for outlet fittings
- References
- 8 Wash hand stations
- How do wash hand stations become contaminated?
- What are the transmission routes and microbial risks?
- Activity space
- Splashing and dispersal from wash hand basins
- What does a safer wash hand station look like?
- Patient wash hand station
- Recommendation for wash hand stations
- Assessing the risks associated with wash hand basins.
- Regulations for wash hand stations
- References
- 9 Sinks in ward kitchens or domestic areas
- What is a sink and what is it used for?
- What are the microbial contamination sources of stainless steel sinks?
- What are the transmission routes?
- Outbreaks associated with stainless steel utility sinks
- A hospital-wide CPE outbreak
- Outbreak 1
- Outbreak 2
- Guidance on sinks
- Recommendation on sinks
- Risk assessments for sinks
- Questions on sinks
- References
- 10 Showers
- Showers and accessories
- What are the microbiological risks with showers, hoses, and showerheads?
- Shower controller unit
- Shower hoses
- Shower heads
- Ancillary equipment in showers
- Deluge showers
- Shower trolleys
- Patient risk and risk to patients
- Microbial outbreaks associated with showers rooms
- Microbiological monitoring
- Requirements and recommendations for showers
- Risk assessing showers and their equipment
- Guidance
- References
- 11 Assisted baths
- Assisted baths for patient care
- Microbiological problems associated with assisted baths
- Bath accessories and bath toys
- Monitoring of assisted baths
- Recommendations for assisted baths
- Risk assessing assisted baths
- Guidance for assisted baths
- References
- 12 Birthing pools
- Birthing pools
- What are microbiological risks from using birthing pools?
- How do birthing pools become contaminated?
- Case study 1: Black particle appeared in the birthing pool water
- Case study 2: Birthing pool drain may have resulted in an outbreak
- Case study 3: Inflatable pools used in healthcare facilities
- Microbiological case reports associated with birthing pools
- Regulations and recommendations for consideration for birthing pools
- Risk assessment criteria for birthing pools
- Guidance and regulations relevant for birthing pools
- References.
- 13 Hydrotherapy pools
- What are hydrotherapy/aquatic physiotherapy pools?
- What is aquatic physiotherapy?
- Design
- Commissioning
- Governance
- General
- Hydrotherapy pools
- Bather loads
- How does a hydrotherapy pool function?
- Backwashing
- Day-to-day management
- An overview of the hazards applicable to hydrotherapy pools
- Patient screening
- Fecal pathogens
- Nonfecal pathogens
- Main challenges for hydrotherapy pools
- Emergency action plans
- Outbreak 1
- Hydrotherapy tanks/tubs/pools used for burns, etc.
- Outbreak 2
- Whirlpool baths and assisted baths
- Factors to consider in a risk assessment
- Spas, hot tubs, footbaths, etc.
- Outbreak 3
- Microbiological monitoring of hydrotherapy pools
- Criteria for risk assessing birthing pools
- Guidance and regulations relevant for birthing pools
- Terminology
- References
- 14 Sources of patient drinking water
- Sources of drinking water
- Chilled drinking water dispensers
- Outbreak scenarios
- Outbreak scenario 1
- Outbreak scenario 2
- Monitoring of drinking water sources
- Guidance for chilled drinking water fountains
- Requirements and recommendations for chilled drinking water fountains
- Bottled drinking water dispensers
- Recommendations for bottled water dispensers
- Risk assessing water coolers and other drinking sources for patients
- Guidelines for bottled water dispensers
- References
- 15 Drink vending machines
- Drink vending machines
- Microbiological issues associated with drink vending machines
- Monitoring of vending machines
- Recommendations for vending machines
- Risk assessing vending machines
- Regulations for vending machines
- References
- 16 Expansion vessels
- What are expansion vessels?
- Microbiological sources and problems associated with expansion vessels?.