Fundamentals of wind farm aerodynamic layout design /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Torabi, Farschad
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: London : Academic Press, 2022.
Colección:Wind energy engineering
Temas:
Wind power plants > Planning.
Wind power plants > Computer simulation.
Centrales �eoliennes > Planification.
Centrales �eoliennes > Simulation par ordinateur.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Front Cover
  • Fundamentals of Wind Farm Aerodynamic Layout Design
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • 1 Wind energy
  • 1.1 History of wind turbines
  • 1.2 Pros and cons of wind energy
  • 1.3 Trend of wind energy in the world
  • 1.4 Wind turbine types
  • 1.4.1 Horizontal-axis wind turbine
  • 1.4.2 Vertical-axis wind turbine
  • 1.5 Wind turbine components
  • 1.5.1 Blades, hub, and low-speed shaft
  • 1.5.2 Generator
  • 1.5.3 Gearbox and high-speed shaft
  • 1.5.4 Tower
  • 1.5.5 Yaw systems
  • 1.5.6 Anemometer
  • 1.5.7 Brakes
  • 1.5.8 Fluctuation monitoring systems
  • 1.5.9 Lubrication system
  • 1.5.10 Foundation
  • 1.5.11 Other components
  • 1.6 Summary
  • 1.7 Problems
  • References
  • 2 Wind properties and power generation
  • 2.1 Atmospheric properties
  • 2.1.1 Global wind direction
  • 2.1.2 Turbulence
  • 2.1.3 Variation of wind with height
  • 2.2 Statistical study of wind
  • 2.2.1 Mean and variance
  • 2.2.2 Probability
  • 2.2.2.1 Weibull probability density function
  • 2.2.3 Wind rose chart
  • 2.3 Wind power
  • 2.3.1 Power of a wind element
  • 2.3.2 Power of an ideal turbine, actuator disc model
  • 2.3.3 Betz's limit
  • 2.4 Efficiency of wind turbine components
  • 2.4.1 Efficiency of blades or coefficient of performance
  • 2.4.2 Efficiency of gearbox
  • 2.4.3 Efficiency of generator
  • 2.4.4 Overall efficiency
  • 2.5 Yearly gained energy of a wind turbine
  • 2.6 The capacity factor of a wind turbine
  • 2.7 Summary
  • 2.8 Problems
  • References
  • 3 Basics of aerodynamics
  • 3.1 Airfoils
  • 3.1.1 NACA series
  • 3.1.2 NREL
  • 3.1.3 Other types
  • 3.2 Aerodynamic forces on an airfoil
  • 3.3 Aerodynamic forces on a blade
  • 3.4 Generated vortex behind a wind turbine
  • 3.5 Blade element method
  • 3.6 Blades with different airfoils
  • 3.7 Simulation of wind turbines
  • 3.7.1 Stall-regulated wind turbines
  • 3.7.2 Pitch-controlled wind turbines.
  • 6.5 Simulation example
  • 6.5.1 Numerical model
  • 6.5.2 Computational domain
  • 6.5.3 Boundary conditions
  • 6.5.4 Grid sensitivity
  • 6.5.5 Results
  • 6.6 Summary
  • 6.7 Problems
  • References
  • 7 Numerical simulation of a wind farm
  • 7.1 Wind farm layout generation
  • 7.1.1 Automatic layout generation
  • 7.1.2 Upstream velocity
  • 7.2 Simulation example: Horns Rev offshore wind farm
  • 7.2.1 Numerical settings
  • 7.2.2 Boundary conditions
  • 7.2.3 Computational domain and mesh study
  • 7.2.4 Results
  • 7.2.4.1 Induction factor and load distribution
  • 7.2.4.2 Velocity contours
  • 7.2.4.3 Turbulence models
  • 7.3 Summary
  • 7.4 Problems
  • References
  • 8 Optimization for wind farm layout design
  • 8.1 Optimization algorithms
  • 8.2 Cost function and constraints
  • 8.3 Coupling of optimization methods and wake models
  • 8.4 Some worked examples
  • 8.4.1 Optimization for a constant-direction wind
  • 8.4.2 Optimization for a real case
  • 8.4.3 Optimization of a 4x4 wind farm
  • 8.5 Applying additional constraints
  • 8.6 Summary
  • 8.7 Problems
  • References
  • A Ancient Persian wind turbines
  • References
  • B Wind turbine airfoils
  • B.1 NACA families
  • B.2 FFA family
  • B.3 Ris� family
  • B.4 DU family
  • B.5 FX family
  • B.6 NREL family
  • B.7 Summary
  • References
  • C Some wind turbine specifications
  • C.1 Enercon E-16
  • C.2 Enercon E-18
  • C.3 Nordtank NTK 150
  • C.4 Nordtank NTK 200
  • C.5 Vestas V27
  • C.6 Vestas V29
  • C.7 Micon M 530
  • C.8 Enercon E-30
  • C.9 Nordtank NTK 400
  • C.10 Vestas V39
  • C.11 Nordtank NTK 500/41
  • C.12 Vestas V44
  • C.13 Enercon E-40/6.44
  • C.14 Wincon W755/48
  • C.15 Vergnet GEV HP 1000/62
  • C.16 Siemens SWT-1.3-62
  • C.17 Vestas V80 2 MW
  • C.18 Vestas V90 2 MW
  • C.19 Eno Energy Eno 100
  • C.20 Siemens SWT-2.3-93 Offshore
  • C.21 Mapna MWT2.5-103-I
  • C.22 Siemens SWT-4.0-130.
  • C.23 Siemens SWT-6.0-154
  • C.24 Aerodyn-8.0MW
  • C.25 AMSC wt10000dd SeaTitan
  • C.26 Summary
  • References
  • D Sample wind farms
  • D.1 A 4-in-a-row wind farm
  • D.2 A 4x4 wind farm
  • D.3 Horns Rev wind farm
  • D.4 Aghkand wind farm in Iran
  • References
  • E Optimization methods
  • E.1 Crow search algorithm
  • E.2 Whale optimization algorithm
  • E.3 Teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm
  • E.4 Particle swarm optimization algorithm
  • E.5 Genetic algorithm
  • E.6 Summary
  • References
  • F Implementing optimization methods in C++
  • F.1 Genetic algorithm (GA)
  • F.2 Particle swarm optimization (PSO)
  • G Implementing blade element momentum method in C
  • Index
  • Back Cover.

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