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Nucleation of water : from fundamental science to atmospheric and additional applications /

Nucleation of Water: From Fundamental Science to Atmospheric and Additional Applications provides a comprehensive accounting of the current state-of-the-art regarding the nucleation of water. It covers vapor-liquid, liquid-vapor, liquid-ice and vapor-ice transitions and describes basic kinetic and t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Autores principales:	Laaksonen, Ari (Autor), Malila, Jussi (Autor)
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2022.
Temas:	Atmospheric nucleation. Nucleation. Water. Water Nucl�eation (M�et�eorologie) Nucl�eation. Eau. water (inorganic material) Atmospheric nucleation Nucleation
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo

Tabla de Contenidos:

Front Cover
Nucleation of Water
Copyright
Contents
About the authors
Preface
Acknowledgment
Nomenclature
1 Introduction
1.1 On nucleation of water
1.2 A brief history
1.3 About this book
References
2 Physico-chemical concepts
2.1 Thermodynamic potentials and ensembles
2.1.1 Energy, work, and entropy
2.1.2 Thermodynamic potentials
2.1.2.1 Gibbs-Duhem equation(s)
2.1.2.2 Maxwell relations
2.1.2.3 Surface thermodynamics
2.1.3 Conditions for equilibrium
2.1.3.1 Clausius-Clapeyron equation
2.1.3.2 Kelvin equation
2.1.3.3 The phase rule and the limits of thermodynamics
2.1.4 Ensembles
2.1.4.1 Microcanonical ensemble
2.1.4.2 Canonical ensemble
2.1.4.3 Grand canonical ensemble
2.2 Thermodynamics of gas and liquid
2.2.1 Equations-of-state
2.2.2 Phase equilibrium
2.3 Kinetics
2.3.1 Kinetic theory of gases
2.3.1.1 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
2.3.1.2 Beyond ideal gas
2.3.2 The principle of detailed balance and the law of mass action
2.4 Further reading
References
3 Properties of water and ice
3.1 Water molecule and gaseous water
3.2 Liquid and amorphous water
3.2.1 Equilibrium vapor pressure
3.2.2 Latent heat of vaporization
3.2.3 Latent heat of fusion
3.2.4 Density
3.2.5 Surface tension
3.2.6 Isothermal compressibility
3.3 Ice
3.3.1 Equilibrium vapor pressure
3.3.2 Latent heat of sublimation
3.3.3 Density
3.3.4 Interfacial and surface tension
3.4 Mixture properties
References
4 Homogeneous gas-liquid nucleation theory
4.1 General features of gas-liquid nucleation
4.2 Nucleation kinetics
4.3 Nucleation thermodynamics
4.4 Nucleation theorems
4.5 Classical nucleation theory
4.5.1 Self-consistency corrections
4.6 Scaling model for the critical clusters.
4.7 Size dependence of the surface tension
4.8 Semiphenomenological nucleation theory
4.9 Nucleation models based on corresponding states correlations
References
5 Homogeneous gas-liquid nucleation experiments
5.1 Nucleation experiments
5.2 Diffusion chambers
5.3 Expansion chambers
5.4 Experimental results and comparison with theories
References
6 Simulations and molecular-based theories
6.1 Molecular approaches to nucleation
6.1.1 Water models
6.1.1.1 Rigid water models
6.1.1.2 Coarse-grained water models
6.1.1.3 Flexible and polarizable water models
6.2 Density functional theory of nucleation
6.2.1 The Lennard-Jones fluid
6.2.2 Other model fluids
6.2.3 Square gradient approximation
6.2.4 Diffuse interface theory
6.3 Molecular simulation
6.3.1 Molecular dynamics
6.3.2 Monte Carlo
6.4 Quantum chemistry
6.5 Comparison with experiments and theories
References
7 Binary and multicomponent gas-liquid nucleation
7.1 Multicomponent gas-liquid nucleation
7.2 Nucleation kinetics
7.3 Nucleation thermodynamics
7.4 Nucleation theorems
7.5 Classical binary nucleation theory
7.6 Semi-phenomenological binary nucleation theory
7.7 Density functional binary nucleation theory
7.8 Water-surfactant nucleation
7.9 Nucleation of sulfuric acid and water
7.10 Homogeneous multicomponent nucleation in the atmosphere
References
8 Heterogeneous nucleation of water vapor
8.1 Heterogeneous nucleation
8.2 Contact angle and solid surface tensions
8.3 Adsorption
8.4 Adsorption nucleation theory
8.5 Classical heterogeneous nucleation theory
8.6 Ion-induced nucleation
8.7 Comparison of experimental results and theoretical predictions
8.8 Dropwise condensation
References
9 Cloud drop nucleation
9.1 �Khler theory.
9.2 Particles with insoluble inclusions
9.3 Deliquescence and efflorescence
9.4 Kappa-�Khler model
9.5 Slightly soluble substances
9.6 Insoluble cloud condensation nuclei
9.6.1 Insoluble cloud condensation nuclei with soluble impurities
9.6.2 A note on the generalized �Khler equation(s)
9.6.3 Insoluble nuclei with fractal surfaces
9.7 Surfactant effects
9.7.1 Film-forming substances
9.7.2 Surface enrichment or phase separation?
9.8 Co-condensation of soluble gases
9.9 Laboratory experiments
9.10 Atmospheric observations
References
10 Ice nucleation
10.1 Ice nucleation and freezing
10.2 Homogeneous freezing in pure water
10.3 Condensation freezing
10.4 Homogeneous freezing in solution
10.5 Immersion freezing
10.6 Deposition nucleation
10.7 Contact nucleation
10.8 Nucleation in and out of pores
10.8.1 Pore filling
10.8.2 Freezing inside pores
10.8.3 Out-of-pore nucleation
10.9 Ice nucleus types
10.10 Cirrus cloud formation
10.11 Freezing in mixed-phase and rainclouds
10.12 Cloud seeding
10.13 Polar stratospheric cloud formation
10.13.1 Thermodynamics of hydrates
10.13.2 Freezing of stratospheric liquid droplets
10.13.3 Heterogeneous nucleation
10.14 Frost nucleation
References
11 Bubble nucleation
11.1 Cavitation and boiling
11.2 Thermodynamics
11.3 Kinetics
11.4 Third nucleation theorem
11.5 Heterogeneous bubble nucleation
11.6 Nucleation of dissolved gases
11.7 Experiments of cavitation and boiling in water
11.8 Cavitation and boiling in the Earth system
11.9 Applications
11.9.1 Biomedical applications
11.9.2 Engineering systems
11.9.3 Food and beverages
References
Index
Back Cover.

Nucleation of water : from fundamental science to atmospheric and additional applications /

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