Scientific perspectives of tea plant horticulture and productivity /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Manivel, L.
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: London : Academic Press, [2022]
Temas:
Tea.
Horticultural products.
Produits horticoles.
Horticultural products
Tea
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Front Cover
  • SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES OF TEA PLANT HORTICULTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY
  • SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES OF TEA PLANT HORTICULTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • One
  • Botany origin and spread of tea cultivars
  • 1.1 Characteristics of the species (a list of Assam, Cambod, and Chinary tea bushes TV3, TV 7, TV 9, AV2, and P126)
  • 1.2 Germ plasm preservation of tea
  • 1.3 Statistics
  • 1.4 Excerpts of J. Thomas statistics, Kolkatta 2019 report, and UPASI Coonoor, planters Chronicle, August 2020
  • 1.5 Impact of pandemic on Indian tea
  • TWO
  • Method of cultivation: propagation and multiplication of tea
  • 2.1 Propagation methods
  • 2.2 Raising plants from seeds
  • 2.3 Grafting
  • 2.4 Maintenance of Seed Orchards (Biclonal seed baris)
  • 2.5 Organic cultivation/natural farming of tea seed Orchards: Guidelines
  • THREE
  • Management of young tea plantation in field
  • 3.1 Tea plant requirements
  • 3.2 Plant/cultivar
  • 3.3 Water requirements
  • 3.4 Land: terrain and climate on tea growing and productivity
  • 3.5 Young tea management
  • 3.6 Tipping and plucking
  • 3.7 Frame formation prune
  • 3.8 Schedule of operations for bringing up young tea
  • 3.9 Postplanting care
  • 3.10 Mature tea plantation management
  • FOUR
  • Mature tea (soil, water and shade) management
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Soil
  • 4.3 Water management
  • 4.4 Shade trees in tea plantations
  • 4.5 Role and benefits of these green vegetation
  • 4.6 Water conservation and management
  • 4.7 Importance of maintenance foliage: intricacies on production and cost-effective management
  • 4.7.1 North India
  • 4.8 Shade management in tea plantations
  • 4.9 Stress management
  • 4.10 Biotic stresses
  • FIVE
  • Pruning systems and crop productivity
  • 5.1 Normal pruning, rejuvenation pruning
  • 5.1.1 Concepts
  • 5.1.2 Normal pruning.
  • 5.1.3 Other knifing processes
  • 5.1.4 Rejuvenation pruning
  • 5.1.5 Criteria for rejuvenation
  • 5.1.6 Steps/salient points on rejuvenation
  • 5.2 Bush architecture: pruning, tipping, and harvesting
  • SIX
  • Physiology of the tea plant
  • 6.1 Cultivar with varying harvest index
  • 6.1.1 Cultivar and rootstock
  • 6.2 Carbon metabolism: photosynthesis and assimilation
  • 6.3 Source-sink relationship
  • 6.3.1 Relationship between source-sink and hormones
  • 6.4 Apical dominance
  • 6.4.1 Overcoming apical dominance
  • 6.5 Flushing behavior and hormone relationship
  • 6.5.1 Endogenous hormone
  • 6.5.2 Maintenance foliage and hormone
  • 6.6 Winter-bud-dormancy-hormone
  • 6.6.1 Factors responsible for flushing behavior
  • 6.7 Starch build up in relation to flushing behavior and in-built mechanism in the canopy for sustenance
  • 6.8 Wind, hail, and flood in relation to physiology
  • 6.9 Stress management in plantations
  • 6.10 Secondary metabolites
  • 6.11 Remedial/restoration/palliative measures contemplated as scientific, financial, and sociological
  • Seven
  • Mineral nutrition in tea
  • 7.1 Essential nutrients
  • 7.2 Macronutrients
  • 7.3 Secondary nutrients
  • 7.4 Micronutrients
  • 7.5 Some of the salient points on the nutrition of tea
  • 7.6 Key symptoms of a few important micronutrients
  • 7.7 Nutrient management
  • 7.8 Salient points on nutrients management in tea plantations
  • EIGHT
  • Management of tea plantations: plant protection including weed control
  • 8.1 Principal causes for pests and diseases
  • 8.2 The principal pests and diseases of north and south India
  • 8.3 Integrative measures suggested for the important pest and diseases
  • 8.3.1 Integrated nutrients management (INM) and Integrated pest management (IPM) (GAP) modules developed for tea cultivation in n ...
  • 8.3.1.1 Soil biobooster: plant growth promoting rhizosphere microbes (PGPR).
  • 8.3.2 Organic cultivation
  • 8.3.2.1 Salient points on transformation into organic cultivation of tea with value addition are narrated for information and imple ...
  • 8.3.2.1.1 Preplanting
  • 8.3.2.1.2 Planting and postplanting
  • 8.3.2.1.3 Mature tea-new/old plantations: organic tea cultivation/package of practices, salient points
  • NINE
  • Tea processing and quality improvement
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Type of teas
  • 9.3 Cell constituents
  • 9.4 Black tea processing
  • 9.5 Innovative processing/manufacture
  • 9.6 Diversification value addition and marketing
  • TEN
  • Pollution of water, air, and toxic chemical elements
  • ELEVEN
  • Current problems and remedial measures required in tea plantations
  • 11.1 Present situations
  • 11.2 Major problems faced by tea plantations
  • Twelve
  • Priority areas of research for the preeminent position of Indian tea plantations
  • 12.1 Importance of the soil constituents, strengthening, and handling for sustainable productivity and cost-effective management
  • 12.1.1 Principal constituents of soil biosphere
  • 12.2 Tail end crop and stress management practices for Assam tea: prophylactic and ameliorative measures
  • 12.2.1 Stress amelioration measures for the winter months November
  • March. a. Soil, b. plants, c. inputs &amp
  • d. action
  • 12.2.2 Details of practices: soil nutrition, aeration, biosphere
  • 12.3 Packages for improving crop during quality seasons second/autumn flushes regions: Assam, Darjeeling, Nuwareliya, and the wo ...
  • 12.4 Present situations/conditions of tea plantations, restoration measures, suggested with time frame
  • 12.4.1 Restoration measures envisaged during 2020-22, North Indian tea
  • 12.4.2 Concluding remarks and suggestions/road map for the well-being of the tea industry of India.
  • 12.4.3 Productivity and quality of North Indian tea-quick regeneration package and time frame envisaged, 2020-22
  • 12.4.3.1 Calendar of operations (North India)
  • 12.4.3.2 Impacts, intricacies, correlation, coordination of soil/plant biospheres, and biodiversity on dynamic physiological metabol ...
  • 12.5 Concluding remarks and suggestions/road map for the well-being of the tea industry of India
  • THIRTEEN
  • Case studies, field observations, and troubleshooting
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.1.1 Usage of bioproducts in tea plantations for sustainable economic productivity
  • 13.1.2 Suggested ways and means
  • 13.1.3 Practical suggestions for implementation
  • 13.1.4 Specific recommendations for immediate decision
  • 13.2 Current problems and probable solutions of tea plantations of North East India
  • 13.2.1 Introduction
  • 13.2.2 Current problems of serious magnitude and probable solutions
  • 13.2.3 The key factors which deserve immediate action to stem the rot are the following
  • 13.2.3.1 Optimize the soil reaction through application of appropriate soil amendments
  • 13.2.3.2 Consolidation of shade and tea, filling up the vacancies caused by different factors duly correcting the predisposing factors
  • 13.2.3.3 Buildup of carbon content of the soil encouraging the population of the beneficial soil microbes
  • 13.2.3.4 Establishment of wind barriers, fuel forestry in the peripheries and marginal lands to augment the fuel requirement and bui ...
  • 13.2.3.5 Strict adoption of soil conservation within the gardens and afforestation, making use of the surplus, marginal land availab ...
  • 13.2.4 Field management practices-probable solutions are enlisted below
  • 13.2.4.1 Young tea
  • 13.2.4.2 Mature tea
  • 13.2.4.3 Manuring and harvest of crop
  • 13.2.4.4 Plant protection
  • 13.2.4.5 Diversification, value addition in manufacture.
  • 13.2.5 Thrust areas research for the future of the industry
  • References
  • 13.3 Drought amelioration during winter: Mackaibari TG, Kurseong, Darjeeling district
  • 13.4 Visit report of Boisahabi TE, Jorhat, Assam, February 20 and 21, 2019
  • 13.4.1 Field-wise observations, comments, and suggestions: 1 Boisahabi division
  • 13.5 Technical discussion with field staff and executives-Halmari, Mokalbari dated Dec. 12th and 15th respectively
  • 13.5.1 Soil health and productivity
  • 13.5.2 Impacts of chemical inputs: GAP for tea in Assam
  • 13.5.3 Good agricultural practices for cultivation of tea in Assam
  • List of plants (inclusive) for diversificationThe eleven appendices in this chapter carry the salient points of technical ...
  • 13.6 Field proving of basic package of practices for sustainable productivity in tea plantations- HML-A
  • 13.6.1 Introduction
  • 13.6.2 Anticipated benefits at end of the project
  • 13.7 A note on glyphosate (C3H8NO5P) on toxicity in plantations and remedial measures
  • 13.7.1 Remedial/restoration measures suggested
  • 13.8 Research work done and contributions made as head plant physiology, Upasi Tri, during 1989-96
  • 13.8.1 Highlights of research achievements and scientific breakthroughs during the tenure 1989-96
  • 13.8.1.1 Physicochemical studies on nutrition of tea, project sponsored by the tea board of India: principal investigator: Dr. L. Ma ...
  • 13.8.1.2 Use of enzymes in tea manufacture (NTRF -tea board project: principal investigator: Dr. S. Marimuthu. Research associate: D ...
  • 13.8.2 The results and findings of the investigation are narrated below
  • 13.8.2.1 DBT project on micropropagation of tea. principal investigator: Dr. L. Manivel, team: research fellows K.S. Murali, &amp
  • V. Pa ...
  • 13.8.3 Salient points of the research findings are narrated below.

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