Cargando…
Flow-induced alignment in composite materials.
The purpose of aligning short fibers in a fiber-reinforced material is to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting composite. Aligning the fibers, generally in a preferred direction, allows them to contribute as much as possible to reinforcing the material. The first edition of this book d...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Oxford :
Woodhead Publishing,
[2022]
|
| Edición: | Second edition / |
| Colección: | Woodhead Publishing series in composites science and engineering.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover
- Flow-Induced Alignment in Composite Materials
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- List of contributors
- 1 Flow-induced alignment in composite materials: an update on current applications and future prospects
- 1.1 A brief survey of composites
- 1.1.1 Composite materials over the years
- 1.1.2 An overview of aligned-fiber composites
- 1.1.3 Benefits of aligned short-fiber reinforcements
- 1.1.4 Flow-induced fiber alignment
- 1.1.5 Applications of aligned-fiber composites
- 1.1.6 Types of reinforcements
- 1.1.7 Processing issues in aligned-fiber composites
- 1.2 Flow processes for producing aligned-fiber polymer-matrix composites
- 1.2.1 Processing of thermoplastic polymer composites
- 1.2.1.1 Injection molding of thermoplastics
- 1.2.1.2 Extrusion
- 1.2.1.3 Sheet forming
- 1.2.2 Thermosets
- 1.2.3 Aligned-fiber mats
- 1.2.4 Blends of liquid crystal polymers and thermoplastics
- 1.3 Flow processes for producing aligned-fiber metal-matrix composites
- 1.4 Flow processes for producing aligned-fiber ceramic-matrix composites
- 1.5 Future prospects
- References
- 2 Fiber-fiber and fiber-wall interactions during the flow of nondilute suspensions
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Single fiber motion
- 2.3 Orientation characterization
- 2.4 Fiber-fiber interactions
- 2.4.1 Early work
- 2.4.2 Diffusion models
- 2.4.3 Slender body theory-based solution
- 2.4.4 Stokesian dynamics
- 2.4.5 Computer simulations/full numerical solutions
- 2.5 Concentrated suspensions
- 2.6 Fiber-wall interactions
- 2.7 Summary and outlook
- References
- 3 Closure models for flow-induced alignment of particles of nearly arbitrary shapes
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Flow-induced alignment of spheroidal particles
- 3.2.1 The orientation distribution function and the method of moments.
- 3.2.2 Orientation distribution function for spheroidal particles
- 3.2.3 The moment equation for the orientation dyadic and the closure problem
- 3.2.4 The fully symmetric quadratic closure model
- 3.3 Orientation of ensembles of particles of arbitrary shape: Rallison's approach
- 3.3.1 Algebraic properties of the fourth moment for particles with arbitrary shape
- 3.3.2 The proposed closure model for ensembles of particles of nearly arbitrary shape
- 3.4 Summary and conclusion
- References
- 4 Macroscopic modeling of the evolution of fiber orientation during flow
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Experimental observations
- 4.3 Basic theoretical background
- 4.3.1 A statistical approach
- 4.3.2 Jeffery and Folgar-Tucker equations
- 4.3.3 Evolution equations for the orientation of a population of fibers
- 4.3.4 Closure approximations
- 4.3.4.1 Linear, quadratic, and hybrid closures
- 4.3.4.2 Eigenvalue-based optimal fitting closures
- 4.3.4.3 Invariant-based closures
- 4.3.4.4 Other approximation closures
- 4.3.5 Rheological constitutive equation
- 4.3.5.1 Slender ellipsoids
- 4.3.5.2 Slender-body theory
- 4.4 Recent improvement in fiber suspension modeling
- 4.4.1 Models for slow down fiber orientation kinetics
- 4.4.1.1 Reduced-strain closure model
- 4.4.1.2 Retarding principal rate model
- 4.4.2 Anisotropic rotary diffusion models
- 4.4.2.1 General framework
- 4.4.2.2 Model for the rotary diffusion tensor
- 4.4.3 Fiber suspension modeling in non-Newtonian fluids
- 4.4.4 Informed ISOtropic viscosity
- 4.4.4.1 Importance of coupled solutions
- 4.4.4.2 Informed ISOtropic viscosity framework
- 4.4.5 Semiflexible fiber suspension modeling
- 4.5 Some process models
- 4.5.1 Elements of fluid mechanics
- 4.5.2 Extrusion and fused deposition modeling
- 4.5.3 Injection molding
- 4.5.4 Compression molding.
- 4.6 Concluding remarks
- References
- 5 Flow-induced alignment in injection molding of fiber-reinforced polymer composites
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 The injection molding process
- 5.2.1 Overview
- 5.2.2 Modeling of mold filling
- 5.2.3 Velocity profiles in mold filling
- 5.2.3.1 Gap-wise velocity profiles
- 5.2.3.2 Planar velocities
- 5.2.3.3 Fountain flow
- 5.3 Experimental observations of fiber orientation in injection molding
- 5.3.1 Filling patterns with fiber-reinforced melts
- 5.3.2 Skin-core structure
- 5.3.2.1 Influence of the injection gate
- 5.3.2.2 Effect of injection speed
- 5.3.2.3 Effect of wall solidification
- 5.3.2.4 Effect of cavity thickness
- 5.3.2.5 Effect of cavity wall temperature
- 5.3.2.6 Effect of melt rheology
- 5.3.3 Fiber orientation around weldlines
- 5.3.4 Other influences
- 5.3.4.1 Edge-effects
- 5.3.4.2 Fiber depletion and fiber segregation
- 5.3.4.3 Fiber orientation in the sprue
- 5.3.4.4 Effect of packing
- 5.3.4.5 Long fibers
- 5.3.4.6 Effect of fiber concentration
- 5.4 Prediction of fiber orientation in injection molding
- 5.4.1 Modeling strategies: prediction of fiber orientation
- 5.4.1.1 Jeffery's model for noninteracting fibers
- 5.4.1.2 Rotary diffusion models
- 5.4.1.3 Use of orientation tensors
- 5.4.2 Modeling strategies: effects of fibers on flow kinematics
- 5.4.3 Parametric sensitivity analysis
- 5.4.3.1 Effect of fountain flow on fiber orientation predictions
- 5.4.3.2 Effect of the interaction parameter on fiber orientation predictions
- 5.4.3.3 Choice of inlet orientation
- 5.4.3.4 Prediction of fiber orientation around weldlines
- 5.5 Conclusions
- References
- 6 Control and manipulation of fiber orientation in large-scale processing
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Application of SCORIM for weldline strength enhancement.
- 6.2.1 Copolyester liquid crystal polymer containing glass fibers
- 6.2.2 High temperature cure dough molding compound
- 6.3 Application of SCORIM for physical property enhancement
- 6.3.1 Glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene
- 6.3.2 Glass fiber filled copolyester
- 6.3.2.1 Fiber orientation in SCORIM plaques
- 6.3.2.2 Young's modulus measurements
- 6.3.2.3 Linear thermal expansion of moldings
- 6.4 Control of porosity in thick-section moldings
- 6.4.1 Control of porosity and fiber orientation in a variable cross-section bar
- 6.4.2 Molding and characterization of a thick-section molding representing an actuation support structure
- 6.4.2.1 Molding procedures
- 6.4.2.2 Characterization of moldings
- 6.5 Control of fiber orientation in a selection of mold geometries
- 6.5.1 Injection molded plaque
- 6.5.2 Injection molded fin
- 6.5.3 Multicavity SCORIM for the production of molded rings
- 6.6 Extensions of the shear controlled orientation concept
- Addendum: Control and manipulation of fiber orientation in large-scale processing
- References
- 7 Theory and simulation of flow-induced microstructures in liquid crystalline materials
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.1.1 Liquid crystalline materials
- 7.1.2 Liquid crystal polymers
- 7.1.3 Main- and side-chain liquid crystalline polymers
- 7.1.4 Biological liquid crystalline materials
- 7.2 Flow modeling of liquid crystalline materials
- 7.2.1 Theory and simulation
- 7.3 Single component nematics
- 7.3.1 Leslie Ericksen nematodynamics
- 7.3.2 Quadrupolar order parameter
- 7.3.3 Nematodynamics
- 7.3.4 Landau de Gennes nematodynamics
- 7.4 Binary nematic mixtures
- 7.4.1 Leslie-Ericksen constitutive equation
- 7.4.1.1 Macroscopic dynamics of homogeneous binary nematic mixtures
- 7.4.1.2 Rate of entropy production for nematic mixtures.