Foundations of colorectal cancer /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Sierra, Alejandro Pazos
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: London : Academic Press, [2022]
Temas:
Colon (Anatomy) > Cancer.
Rectum > Cancer.
Colon (Anatomy) > Cancer
Rectum > Cancer
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Foundations of Colorectal Cancer
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Editor's note
  • References
  • Prologue
  • Acknowledgments
  • Section A: Epidemiological studies in CRC
  • Chapter 1: Incidence and mortality of CRC
  • Incidence
  • Mortality
  • Discussion
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Prognosis and follow-up of CRC patients: Role of diagnostic and therapeutic delay
  • Survival and prognosis
  • Follow-up strategies
  • Quality of life and long-term sequelae
  • Impact of diagnostic and therapeutic delay on stage and prognosis
  • References
  • Section B: Clinical manifestations and disease detection
  • Chapter 3: Primary prevention of CRC
  • Introduction
  • Epidemiology and CRC
  • Environment and CRC
  • Diet
  • Foods recommended to be reduced
  • Processed and red meat
  • Food and drink recommended to be increased
  • Dairy products
  • Dietary fiber and whole grain cereals
  • Fish
  • White and lean meat
  • Coffee
  • Garlic
  • Lifestyle behaviors
  • Unhealthy practices
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Healthy practices
  • Physical exercise
  • Therapeutic strategies linked to lowering CRC risk
  • Salicylic acetyl acid (SAA)
  • Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Calcium and magnesium supplementation
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Vitamin D supplementation
  • B-group vitamins
  • Folic acid and folate
  • Antioxidants
  • Hormone replacement therapy
  • Statins
  • Bisphosphonates
  • Metformin
  • Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine
  • Angiotensin II inhibitors
  • Dietary patterns and CRC
  • Relationship between dietary index and CRC
  • Summary: Evidence and recommendations
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Early onset of CRC
  • Introduction
  • Exposure to environmental factors
  • Microbiota alteration
  • Hereditary factors
  • Molecular differences
  • Clinical features
  • Conclusions
  • References.
  • Chapter 5: Population-based universal screening for CRC: Secondary prevention
  • Secondary prevention and screening concept
  • Conditions for population screening: WHO general principles
  • Colorectal cancer screening
  • Colorectal cancer screening tests
  • Colonoscopy
  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy
  • CT scan colonography
  • Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
  • Other noninvasive tests: Stool or blood tests
  • Requirements for the implementation of a screening program
  • Evaluation of screening programs for their implementation: Efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency
  • Problems related to a colorectal cancer screening program
  • Situation of screening in Spain
  • Implementation of CRC screening in Spain
  • Current situation of CRC screening in Spain: Cancer screening program network, 2019
  • Current situation of CRC screening in Galicia: Xunta de Galicia, 2019
  • Strengths and areas for improvement in Spanish screening programs
  • References
  • Chapter 6: The role of primary care in early referral of CRC patients
  • The role of primary care in the early release of patients with CRC7,8
  • Prevention and promotion of health9, 10
  • Early diagnosis11
  • Symptomatology in colorectal cancer
  • Changes in the usual way of making depositions
  • Tests for early detection of colorectal cancer
  • The guideline includes
  • Stool occult blood test
  • Sigmoidoscopy
  • Colonoscopy
  • Indications
  • Preparation for tests
  • Technique of performing a colonoscopy
  • Evaluation of results
  • Normal colonoscopy
  • Polyp detection on colonoscopy14, 15
  • Monitoring of index or precursor injuries (polyps)
  • Surveillance in special situations
  • Criteria for referral to specialized care
  • CRC of family/hereditary characteristics16, 17
  • References
  • Chapter 7: Rapid diagnostic pathways for patients with suspected CRC
  • Clinical pathways.
  • Rapid diagnosis pathways for colorectal cancer
  • Introduction
  • Implementation
  • Published research
  • Meeting referral criteria
  • Cancer detection rates
  • Percentages of diagnosed cancer cases
  • Are RDPs sensitive and specific?
  • Effect on care timing
  • Effect on tumor stage and survival
  • Possibilities for increasing effectiveness of CRC rapid pathways
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Section C: Diagnosis and staging
  • Section C.I: Current diagnosis methods in colorectan cancer
  • Chapter 8: Colon capsule endoscopy
  • Introduction
  • Technical characteristics of the second-generation colon capsule
  • Preparation of the patient
  • Comparative studies between colon capsule endoscopy and colonoscopy
  • Comparative studies between CCE and colonography by computerized axial tomography
  • Current indications and contraindications of the colon capsule endoscopy: Future perspectives
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Endoscopic ultrasound in CRC
  • Outline of technique
  • EUS for rectal cancer staging
  • Degree of invasion of intestinal wall (uT)
  • Affectation of local adenopathies (uN)
  • Significance of the circumferential resection margin
  • EUS for assessment of neoadjuvant therapy response
  • Interventional EUS
  • EUS-FNA initial diagnosis and recurrence
  • Differential diagnosis and diagnosis of neoplastic affectation of adenopathies
  • Diagnosing tumor recurrence
  • Drainage of postsurgical fluid collections
  • Extrahepatic bile duct drainage
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 10: CT-Colonography (CTC): Technical requirements, indications and current status
  • Introduction
  • Technical requirements
  • Preparation of the colon
  • Distension of the colon
  • Image acquisition
  • Software and tools
  • Indications for virtual colonoscopy
  • Clinically significant findings in CTC
  • Polyps
  • Cancers
  • Submucosal lesions.
  • Chronic diverticular disease
  • Other
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 11: Rectal pathology: Findings at CT-Colonography
  • Introduction
  • Technical considerations
  • Rectal pathology
  • Polyps
  • Villous tumors
  • Malignant neoplasms
  • Submucosal lesions
  • Vascular lesions
  • Internal hemorrhoids
  • Rectal varices
  • Venous malformations
  • Hypertrophied anal papilla
  • Inflammatory conditions
  • Postoperative changes
  • Pseudolesions and artifacts
  • Other lesions
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 12: Applications of [18F] FDG PET and PET/CT in colorectal carcinoma
  • Introduction
  • Staging
  • Restaging
  • Recurrent disease detection
  • Preoperative evaluation of potentially resectable disease
  • Others: Incidental diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Assessment of treatment response
  • Incidental diagnosis of colorectal cancer
  • Assessment of treatment response
  • New perspectives
  • References
  • Chapter 13: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging and restaging after neoadjuvant therapy
  • Introduction
  • Total mesorectal excision
  • Key anatomical references
  • Mesorectal fascia and anterior peritoneal reflection
  • Upper rectum
  • Middle rectum
  • Lower rectum
  • Lymph nodes
  • Local staging
  • T-staging
  • T1 and T2 tumors
  • T3 tumors
  • T4 tumors
  • N-staging
  • Restaging after neoadjuvant treatment
  • T-restaging
  • N-restaging
  • The structured radiology report
  • Location
  • Morphology
  • T-staging
  • Extramural extension of the tumor
  • Distance to mesorectal fascia
  • Adenopathies and mesorectal tumor deposits
  • Extramesorectal adenopathies
  • Restaging after neoadjuvant treatment
  • Locoregional recurrence
  • References
  • Chapter 14: Histopathological diagnosis of CRC
  • Introduction
  • Histopathological diagnosis of CRC in biopsies and endoscopic polypectomies.
  • Anatomopathological diagnosis of CRC in surgical specimens
  • Histopathological types of colorectal neoplasms
  • Biomarkers in CRC
  • References
  • Chapter 15: Colonoscopy: Technique and quality factors
  • Historical introduction
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Colonoscopy technique
  • Endoscopic description
  • Magnification techniques
  • Classification of colorectal polyps
  • Serrated pathway in CRC
  • Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of CRC in medium-risk populations
  • Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of CRC in high-risk populations
  • Colonoscopy quality indicators
  • Endoscopic iconography
  • References
  • Chapter 16: Endoscopic diagnosis of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions
  • Introduction
  • Identification of lesions
  • Quality of colonoscopy
  • High-definition colonoscopy
  • Conventional chromoendoscopy
  • Virtual chromoendoscopy
  • Use of ancillary equipment and new colonoscopes
  • Characterization of lesions
  • Morphological evaluation
  • Evaluation of the glandular pattern
  • Kudos classification
  • NICE classification
  • WASP classification
  • Role of colonoscopy in the diagnostic of advanced colonic lesions
  • References
  • Chapter 17: Oligometastatic disease
  • References
  • Chapter 18: Hereditary nonpolyposis CRC
  • Introduction
  • Genetic basis
  • Molecular identification of Lynch syndrome
  • Microsatellite instability analysis
  • Immunohistochemistry for reparative proteins in tumor tissue
  • Hypermethylation of MLH1
  • Detection of germline mutations in genomic DNA
  • Clinical features
  • Diagnosis of Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) and criteria for referral to a genetic counseling unit (GCU)
  • Molecular study strategy
  • Predictive models
  • Clinical controls and surveillance
  • Follow-up of healthy individuals in families with HNPCC
  • Colorectal cancer screening
  • Endometrial and ovarian cancer screening
  • Control of other neoplasms.

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