Current research on naturally transmitted Plasmodium knowlesi /
Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
---|---|
Otros Autores: | |
Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
Idioma: | Inglés |
Publicado: |
London :
Academic Press,
2021.
|
Colección: | Advances in parasitology ;
v. 113. |
Temas: | |
Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Current research on naturally transmitted Plasmodium knowlesi
- Copyright
- Contents
- Contributors
- Plasmodium knowlesi, an infectious disease challenge for our times
- References
- Chapter One: Knowlesi malaria: Human risk factors, clinical spectrum, and pathophysiology
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Transmission in humans
- 3. Life cycle in humans
- 4. Human risk factors for symptomatic infection
- 5. Prepatent and incubation periods
- 6. Clinical spectrum in malariotherapy and experimental human infection
- 7. Clinical spectrum in natural infection
- 7.1. Asymptomatic infections
- 7.2. Symptoms in adults
- 7.3. Clinical signs in adults
- 7.4. Laboratory investigations in adults
- 7.4.1. Haematology
- 7.4.2. Parasitaemia
- 7.4.3. Liver function
- 7.4.4. Renal function
- 7.5. Severe knowlesi malaria
- 7.6. Clinical and parasitological risk factors for severe disease
- 7.7. Deaths from knowlesi malaria
- 7.8. Knowlesi malaria in children
- 7.9. Knowlesi malaria in pregnancy
- 7.10. Congenital malaria
- 8. Genetic risk factors
- 8.1. Parasite genetics
- 8.2. Host genetics
- 9. Pathophysiology
- 9.1. Microvascular accumulation of parasites
- 9.2. Endothelial activation, dysfunction and glycocalyx breakdown
- 9.3. Systemic inflammatory response
- 9.4. Intravascular haemolysis
- 9.5. Thrombocytopenia
- 9.6. Anaemia
- 10. Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter Two: Clinical management of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Diagnosis of Plasmodium knowlesi
- 3. In vitro susceptibility of P. knowlesi to antimalarial agents
- 4. Drug resistance mutations
- 5. Treatment of uncomplicated knowlesi malaria
- 5.1. Artemisinin combination treatment (ACT)
- 5.2. Chloroquine
- 5.3. Other agents
- 5.4. Primaquine
- 6. Clinical management of severe knowlesi malaria.
- 6.1. Intravenous artesunate
- 6.2. Paracetamol as a renoprotective agent
- 6.3. Other adjunctive and supportive treatment
- 7. Treatment of knowlesi malaria in children
- 8. Treatment of knowlesi malaria in pregnancy
- 9. Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter Three: Plasmodium knowlesi detection methods for human infections-Diagnosis and surveillance
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Point-of-care diagnosis
- 2.1. Microscopy
- 2.1.1. P. knowlesi morphology in human infections
- 2.1.2. P. knowlesi parasite count measurements
- 2.1.3. P. knowlesi life stages in human infections
- 2.1.4. Diagnostic performance of routine malaria microscopy for P. knowlesi infections
- 2.1.5. Automated visualisation of blood films for detecting P. knowlesi infections
- 2.2. Rapid diagnostic tests
- 2.2.1. Pan-pLDH based RDTs
- 2.2.2. P. falciparum and P. vivax-pLDH antibody cross-reactivity with P. knowlesi
- 2.2.3. Pan-aldolase based RDTs
- 2.2.4. RDT use in returned travellers from endemic countries
- 2.2.5. RDT detection for Plasmodium species in monkey hosts
- 2.2.6. Summary and recommendations for RDT use
- 3. Molecular detection
- 3.1. PCR assays
- 3.1.1. Background
- 3.1.2. Alternative target genes for P. knowlesi identification
- 3.1.3. Comparative performance of PCR assays
- 3.1.4. Detection of submicroscopic or asymptomatic infections
- 3.1.5. Molecular detection of P. knowlesi gametocytes
- 3.2. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
- 3.2.1. LAMP platforms
- 3.2.2. P. knowlesi specific LAMP primers
- 3.2.3. Challenges for LAMP as a diagnostic tool
- 3.2.4. The future of LAMP for P. knowlesi diagnosis
- 4. Serology
- 4.1. Importance of serology for malaria surveillance
- 4.2. Development of serologic assays for P. knowlesi detection
- 4.3. Potential use case scenarios for P. knowlesi serologic tools.
- 5. Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter Four: The vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi and other simian malarias Southeast Asia: challenges in malaria elimination
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Simian malaria parasites in natural vector mosquitoes
- 2.1. Phylogenetic position of Plasmodium knowlesi amongst malaria parasites
- 2.2. Detected simian malaria parasites in vector mosquitoes
- 3. Vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi-Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles
- 3.1. Phylogenetic studies of vectors in the Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles
- 3.2. Natural vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi in the Leucosphyrous Group of Anopheles
- 4. Bionomics of natural vectors of Plasmodium kowlesi in the Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles
- 4.1. Larval biology
- 4.2. Biting habits of vectors
- 4.3. Host preferences
- 4.4. Vectorial capacity and life expectancy of knowlesi simian malaria vectors
- 5. Suspected vectors of knowlesi malaria in other Anopheles Groups
- 6. Experimental transmissions of Plasmodium knowlesi and other simian malaria parasites in mosquitoes
- 6.1. Experimental studies on Plasmodium knowlesi in mosquitoes
- 6.2. Implication of experimental studies using vectors on the transmission of P. knowlesi and other simian malarias in nature
- 6.2.1. Mosquito:Plasmodium compatibility
- 6.2.2. Gametocytaemia and timing of simian malaria transmission to the mosquitoes
- 6.2.3. Can some experimental vectors transmit the parasites in the wild?
- 7. Control of vectors of P. knowlesi and other simian malarias
- 7.1. Tools for control of simian malaria
- 7.2. Vector control for simian malaria in Southeast Asia
- 7.2.1. Insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying
- 7.2.2. Larvicides
- 7.2.3. Insecticide-treated hammocks
- 7.2.4. Topical repellents
- 7.2.5. Spatial repellents
- 7.2.6. Endectocides
- 8. Challenges.
- 9. Conclusions and the way forward
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Chapter Five: Molecular epidemiology and population genomics of Plasmodium knowlesi
- 1. Molecular detection in discovery of Plasmodium knowlesi as a significant zoonosis
- 2. Molecular surveys of the distribution of P. knowlesi infections in humans
- 2.1. P. knowlesi in humans
- 2.2. P. knowlesi in primate reservoir hosts
- 2.3. P. knowlesi in mosquito vectors
- 3. Early utility of a few genetic loci for analysis of P. knowlesi polymorphism
- 3.1. Initial informative studies involving sequencing of individual genes
- 3.2. Mitochondrial genome sequencing and haplotype relationships
- 4. Multi-locus microsatellite analyses of P. knowlesi uncovers population structure
- 5. Whole-genome sequence analysis of P. knowlesi subpopulation divergence
- 6. Loci under positive natural selection in the P. knowlesi genome
- 7. Assays for efficient surveillance of different P. knowlesi subpopulations
- 8. Adaptation and the future of P. knowlesi emerging from local zoonoses
- References
- Chapter Six: Epidemiology of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi in changing landscapes
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Ecological change and mechanisms of disease emergence and transmission
- 2.1. Biodiversity impacts on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases
- 2.2. Habitat fragmentation and zoonotic and vector-borne diseases
- 2.3. Physical changes to the environment and disease transmission
- 2.4. Socio-economic changes and development and disease risks
- 3. Distribution and burden of Plasmodium knowlesi
- 3.1. Spatial distribution of reported P. knowlesi incidence
- 3.2. Community-level spatial distribution of exposure and infection
- 3.3. Reporting bias and surveillance for P. knowlesi
- 3.4. Emergence of other zoonotic simian malarias in Southeast Asia.
- 4. Landscape impacts on P. knowlesi disease dynamics
- 4.1. Environmental change in Southeast Asia
- 4.2. Impacts of environmental change on distribution of P. knowlesi
- 4.3. Human populations, movement and occupational risks
- 4.4. Simian host ecology and infection rates
- 4.5. Mosquito ecology, infection and bionomics
- 5. Transmission dynamics and potential for human to human transmission
- 6. Designing surveillance and control measures for changing environments
- 6.1. Opportunities to improve surveillance for P. knowlesi
- 6.2. Management of wildlife populations
- 6.3. Land management strategies
- 7. Conclusions and future research priorities
- References.