Current research on naturally transmitted Plasmodium knowlesi /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Drakeley, Chris
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: London : Academic Press, 2021.
Colección:Advances in parasitology ; v. 113.
Temas:
Parasitology.
Plasmodium.
Parasitology
Plasmodium
Parasitologie.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Current research on naturally transmitted Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Plasmodium knowlesi, an infectious disease challenge for our times
  • References
  • Chapter One: Knowlesi malaria: Human risk factors, clinical spectrum, and pathophysiology
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Transmission in humans
  • 3. Life cycle in humans
  • 4. Human risk factors for symptomatic infection
  • 5. Prepatent and incubation periods
  • 6. Clinical spectrum in malariotherapy and experimental human infection
  • 7. Clinical spectrum in natural infection
  • 7.1. Asymptomatic infections
  • 7.2. Symptoms in adults
  • 7.3. Clinical signs in adults
  • 7.4. Laboratory investigations in adults
  • 7.4.1. Haematology
  • 7.4.2. Parasitaemia
  • 7.4.3. Liver function
  • 7.4.4. Renal function
  • 7.5. Severe knowlesi malaria
  • 7.6. Clinical and parasitological risk factors for severe disease
  • 7.7. Deaths from knowlesi malaria
  • 7.8. Knowlesi malaria in children
  • 7.9. Knowlesi malaria in pregnancy
  • 7.10. Congenital malaria
  • 8. Genetic risk factors
  • 8.1. Parasite genetics
  • 8.2. Host genetics
  • 9. Pathophysiology
  • 9.1. Microvascular accumulation of parasites
  • 9.2. Endothelial activation, dysfunction and glycocalyx breakdown
  • 9.3. Systemic inflammatory response
  • 9.4. Intravascular haemolysis
  • 9.5. Thrombocytopenia
  • 9.6. Anaemia
  • 10. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Chapter Two: Clinical management of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Diagnosis of Plasmodium knowlesi
  • 3. In vitro susceptibility of P. knowlesi to antimalarial agents
  • 4. Drug resistance mutations
  • 5. Treatment of uncomplicated knowlesi malaria
  • 5.1. Artemisinin combination treatment (ACT)
  • 5.2. Chloroquine
  • 5.3. Other agents
  • 5.4. Primaquine
  • 6. Clinical management of severe knowlesi malaria.
  • 6.1. Intravenous artesunate
  • 6.2. Paracetamol as a renoprotective agent
  • 6.3. Other adjunctive and supportive treatment
  • 7. Treatment of knowlesi malaria in children
  • 8. Treatment of knowlesi malaria in pregnancy
  • 9. Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Chapter Three: Plasmodium knowlesi detection methods for human infections-Diagnosis and surveillance
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Point-of-care diagnosis
  • 2.1. Microscopy
  • 2.1.1. P. knowlesi morphology in human infections
  • 2.1.2. P. knowlesi parasite count measurements
  • 2.1.3. P. knowlesi life stages in human infections
  • 2.1.4. Diagnostic performance of routine malaria microscopy for P. knowlesi infections
  • 2.1.5. Automated visualisation of blood films for detecting P. knowlesi infections
  • 2.2. Rapid diagnostic tests
  • 2.2.1. Pan-pLDH based RDTs
  • 2.2.2. P. falciparum and P. vivax-pLDH antibody cross-reactivity with P. knowlesi
  • 2.2.3. Pan-aldolase based RDTs
  • 2.2.4. RDT use in returned travellers from endemic countries
  • 2.2.5. RDT detection for Plasmodium species in monkey hosts
  • 2.2.6. Summary and recommendations for RDT use
  • 3. Molecular detection
  • 3.1. PCR assays
  • 3.1.1. Background
  • 3.1.2. Alternative target genes for P. knowlesi identification
  • 3.1.3. Comparative performance of PCR assays
  • 3.1.4. Detection of submicroscopic or asymptomatic infections
  • 3.1.5. Molecular detection of P. knowlesi gametocytes
  • 3.2. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
  • 3.2.1. LAMP platforms
  • 3.2.2. P. knowlesi specific LAMP primers
  • 3.2.3. Challenges for LAMP as a diagnostic tool
  • 3.2.4. The future of LAMP for P. knowlesi diagnosis
  • 4. Serology
  • 4.1. Importance of serology for malaria surveillance
  • 4.2. Development of serologic assays for P. knowlesi detection
  • 4.3. Potential use case scenarios for P. knowlesi serologic tools.
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Chapter Four: The vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi and other simian malarias Southeast Asia: challenges in malaria elimination
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Simian malaria parasites in natural vector mosquitoes
  • 2.1. Phylogenetic position of Plasmodium knowlesi amongst malaria parasites
  • 2.2. Detected simian malaria parasites in vector mosquitoes
  • 3. Vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi-Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles
  • 3.1. Phylogenetic studies of vectors in the Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles
  • 3.2. Natural vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi in the Leucosphyrous Group of Anopheles
  • 4. Bionomics of natural vectors of Plasmodium kowlesi in the Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles
  • 4.1. Larval biology
  • 4.2. Biting habits of vectors
  • 4.3. Host preferences
  • 4.4. Vectorial capacity and life expectancy of knowlesi simian malaria vectors
  • 5. Suspected vectors of knowlesi malaria in other Anopheles Groups
  • 6. Experimental transmissions of Plasmodium knowlesi and other simian malaria parasites in mosquitoes
  • 6.1. Experimental studies on Plasmodium knowlesi in mosquitoes
  • 6.2. Implication of experimental studies using vectors on the transmission of P. knowlesi and other simian malarias in nature
  • 6.2.1. Mosquito:Plasmodium compatibility
  • 6.2.2. Gametocytaemia and timing of simian malaria transmission to the mosquitoes
  • 6.2.3. Can some experimental vectors transmit the parasites in the wild?
  • 7. Control of vectors of P. knowlesi and other simian malarias
  • 7.1. Tools for control of simian malaria
  • 7.2. Vector control for simian malaria in Southeast Asia
  • 7.2.1. Insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying
  • 7.2.2. Larvicides
  • 7.2.3. Insecticide-treated hammocks
  • 7.2.4. Topical repellents
  • 7.2.5. Spatial repellents
  • 7.2.6. Endectocides
  • 8. Challenges.
  • 9. Conclusions and the way forward
  • Acknowledgement
  • References
  • Chapter Five: Molecular epidemiology and population genomics of Plasmodium knowlesi
  • 1. Molecular detection in discovery of Plasmodium knowlesi as a significant zoonosis
  • 2. Molecular surveys of the distribution of P. knowlesi infections in humans
  • 2.1. P. knowlesi in humans
  • 2.2. P. knowlesi in primate reservoir hosts
  • 2.3. P. knowlesi in mosquito vectors
  • 3. Early utility of a few genetic loci for analysis of P. knowlesi polymorphism
  • 3.1. Initial informative studies involving sequencing of individual genes
  • 3.2. Mitochondrial genome sequencing and haplotype relationships
  • 4. Multi-locus microsatellite analyses of P. knowlesi uncovers population structure
  • 5. Whole-genome sequence analysis of P. knowlesi subpopulation divergence
  • 6. Loci under positive natural selection in the P. knowlesi genome
  • 7. Assays for efficient surveillance of different P. knowlesi subpopulations
  • 8. Adaptation and the future of P. knowlesi emerging from local zoonoses
  • References
  • Chapter Six: Epidemiology of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi in changing landscapes
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Ecological change and mechanisms of disease emergence and transmission
  • 2.1. Biodiversity impacts on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases
  • 2.2. Habitat fragmentation and zoonotic and vector-borne diseases
  • 2.3. Physical changes to the environment and disease transmission
  • 2.4. Socio-economic changes and development and disease risks
  • 3. Distribution and burden of Plasmodium knowlesi
  • 3.1. Spatial distribution of reported P. knowlesi incidence
  • 3.2. Community-level spatial distribution of exposure and infection
  • 3.3. Reporting bias and surveillance for P. knowlesi
  • 3.4. Emergence of other zoonotic simian malarias in Southeast Asia.
  • 4. Landscape impacts on P. knowlesi disease dynamics
  • 4.1. Environmental change in Southeast Asia
  • 4.2. Impacts of environmental change on distribution of P. knowlesi
  • 4.3. Human populations, movement and occupational risks
  • 4.4. Simian host ecology and infection rates
  • 4.5. Mosquito ecology, infection and bionomics
  • 5. Transmission dynamics and potential for human to human transmission
  • 6. Designing surveillance and control measures for changing environments
  • 6.1. Opportunities to improve surveillance for P. knowlesi
  • 6.2. Management of wildlife populations
  • 6.3. Land management strategies
  • 7. Conclusions and future research priorities
  • References.

Ejemplares similares