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Biochemistry of lipids, lipoproteins and membranes /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam, Netherlands :
Elsevier,
2021.
|
| Edición: | Seventh edition. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- 2.2 Lipid extraction from biological samples
- 2.3 Solid-phase extraction for sample enrichment
- 2.4 Derivatisation approaches for lipid analysis
- 3. Direct infusion and chromatography-based approaches for lipid analysis
- 3.1 Thin-layer chromatography
- 3.2 Gas chromatography
- 3.3 High-performance and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography
- 3.3.1 Column retention mechanisms and solvent system
- 3.4 Supercritical fluid chromatography
- 4. Quantitation of lipid levels
- 4.1 Quality control checks
- 5. Mass spectrometry for lipid analysis
- 5.1 Ionisation sources
- 5.2 Mass analysers
- 5.2.1 Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and orbitrap
- 5.2.2 Quadrupole
- 5.2.3 Time of flight
- 5.3 Fragmentation techniques used in lipid analysis
- 5.3.1 Electron-based dissociation
- 5.3.2 Photodissociation
- 5.4 Ion mobility
- 5.5 Mass spectrometry imaging
- 6. LC-MS data processing and future directions
- References
- 3
- Fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis in prokaryotes
- List of abbreviations
- 1. Overview of bacterial lipid metabolism
- 2. Membrane systems of bacteria
- 3. The initiation module
- 3.1 Acyl carrier protein
- 3.2 Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase
- 3.3 Malonyl transacylase
- 3.4 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III
- 3.5 Regulation in the initiation module
- 4. The elongation module
- 4.1 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases I and II
- 4.2 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase
- 4.3 3-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratases
- 4.4 Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase
- 4.5 Regulation in the elongation module
- 4.6 Bacteria with type I fatty acid synthase
- 5. The acyltransfer module
- 5.1 The PlsB/PlsC system
- 5.2 The PlsX/PlsY/PlsC system
- 5.3 Regulation in the acyltransfer module
- 5.4 Use of extracellular fatty acids
- 5.4.1 Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase.
- 5.4.2 Acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase
- 5.4.3 Fatty acid kinase
- 5.5 Thioesterases
- 5.6 Fatty acids as a carbon source
- 6. The phospholipid module
- 6.1 Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase
- 6.2 Phosphatidylethanolamine production
- 6.2.1 Phosphatidylserine synthase
- 6.3 Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase
- 6.4 Phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
- 6.4.1 Phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase
- 6.4.2 Phosphatidylglycerolphosphate phosphatases
- 6.5 Cardiolipin biosynthesis
- 6.6 Use of phospholipid headgroups
- 6.6.1 Use of phospholipid fatty acids
- 6.7 Modification of phospholipids
- 6.7.1 Origin of cyclopropane fatty acids
- 6.7.2 Phospholipid desaturases
- 6.7.3 Modification of polar headgroups
- 6.7.4 Phospholipases
- 6.8 Phospholipid diversity in bacteria
- 6.9 Membrane lipids lacking phosphorus
- 6.10 Regulation in the phospholipid module
- 7. Genetic regulation of lipid metabolism
- 7.1 Gram-negative bacteria
- 7.1.1 Coordination of fatty acid synthesis and degradation by FadR
- 7.1.2 DesT/FabR control of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis
- 7.2 Gram-positive bacteria
- 7.2.1 The FapR system
- 7.2.2 The FabT system
- 7.3 Stress response regulators
- 7.3.1 Two-component systems
- 7.3.2 Alternate sigma factors
- 8. Future directions
- References
- 4
- Lipid metabolism in plants
- List of abbreviations
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Plant lipid geography
- 2.1 Plastids
- 2.2 Endoplasmic reticulum and lipid bodies
- 2.3 Mitochondria
- 2.4 Peroxisomes and glyoxysomes
- 3. Acyl-acyl carrier protein synthesis in plants
- 3.1 Components of plant fatty acid synthase
- 3.2 The first double bond is introduced by soluble acyl-acyl carrier protein desaturases
- 3.3 Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases release fatty acids for export
- 4. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and control of fatty acid synthesis.
- 4.1 Most plants have two acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylases
- 4.2 Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase is a control point for fatty acid synthesis
- 5. Phosphatidic acid synthesis occurs via prokaryotic and eukaryotic acyltransferases
- 5.1 Plastidial acyltransferases use acyl-acyl carrier protein substrates
- 5.2 Extraplastidial acyltransferases use acyl-coenzyme A substrates
- 5.3 The 16:3 and 18:3 plants have different proportions of prokaryotic flux
- 6. Membrane glycerolipid synthesis
- 6.1 Lipid trafficking between plastids and endomembranes
- 6.2 Glycerolipids are substrates for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis
- 6.3 Some plants use endoplasmic reticulum glycerolipids as substrates for production of unusual fatty acids
- 7. Lipid storage in plants
- 7.1 Lipid body structure and biogenesis
- 7.2 The pathways of triacylglycerol biosynthesis
- 7.3 Control of triacylglycerol yield
- 7.4 Control of triacylglycerol composition
- 7.5 Triacylglycerols in vegetative tissues
- 7.6 Triacylglycerol engineering: some case studies
- 8. Protective lipids: cutin, waxes, suberin and sporopollenin
- 8.1 Fatty acid elongation and wax production
- 9. Sphingolipid biosynthesis
- 10. Oxylipins as plant hormones
- 11. Sterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis
- 12. Future prospects
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 5
- Fatty acid handling in mammalian cells
- List of abbreviations
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Fatty acid biosynthesis
- 2.1 Acyl-CoA carboxylase
- 2.1.1 Regulation of ACC by allosteric mechanisms and phosphorylation
- 2.1.2 Transcriptional regulation
- 2.2 Cytosolic fatty acid synthase
- 2.3 Mitochondrial fatty acid synthase
- 3. Fatty acid uptake, activation and trafficking
- 3.1 CD36
- 3.2 Fatty acid transport proteins/acyl-CoA synthetase very long chain
- 3.3 Acyl-CoA synthetases
- 3.4 Fatty acid-binding proteins.