Advances in organic farming : agronomic soil management practices /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Singh Meena, Vijay (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: [Place of publication not identified] : Woodhead Publishing, 2021.
Temas:
Soil biochemistry.
Organic farming.
Sols > Biochimie.
Agriculture biologique.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Advances in Organic Farming: Agronomic Soil Management Practices
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • 1 Concept and global scenario of organic farming
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Concept of organic farming
  • 1.2.1 Four principles of organic agriculture approved by IFOAM
  • 1.2.1.1 Principle of health
  • 1.2.1.2 Ecological principle
  • 1.2.1.3 Principle of fairness
  • 1.2.1.4 Principle of care
  • 1.2.2 Definition of organic farming
  • 1.3 Global scenario of organic farming
  • 1.3.1 Organic agricultural land
  • 1.3.2 Organic share of total agricultural land
  • 1.3.3 Growth of the organic agricultural land
  • 1.3.4 Further organic areas
  • 1.3.5 Organic producers and other operator types
  • 1.3.5.1 Producers
  • 1.3.5.2 Further operator types
  • 1.3.6 Retail sales
  • 1.3.7 Growth in most major crop groups
  • 1.3.8 Global organic market booming
  • 1.3.9 Certification, the obstacle to organic farming
  • 1.3.10 Standards, legislation, policy support
  • 1.3.11 Participatory guarantee systems (PGS)
  • 1.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • 2 Conservation agricultural practices under organic farming
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Conservation agriculture (CA) and its advantages
  • 2.3 Challenges in adopting conservation practices in organic farming (OF)
  • 2.4 Soil health and quality as affected by CA and OF
  • 2.4.1 Soil fertility and nutrient cycling
  • 2.4.1.1 Changes in soil nutrient contents
  • 2.4.1.2 Impact on mineralization
  • 2.4.2 Soil biological activities
  • 2.4.3 Soil physical properties
  • 2.4.3.1 Aggregate stability and mitigating soil erosion
  • 2.4.3.2 Compaction
  • 2.4.3.3 Infiltration and soil water storage
  • 2.5 Impact of CA and OF on weed, disease and pest management
  • 2.5.1 Weed control
  • 2.5.2 Disease and pest control
  • 2.6 Impact on crop performances
  • 2.6.1 Emergence and root growth of crops
  • 2.6.2 Crop yield.
  • 2.7 Introduction of new optimized techniques
  • 2.8 Conclusion and future outlook
  • References
  • 3 Soil fertility management in organic farming
  • 3.1 Loss of organic matter and its restoration
  • 3.2 Management controls on soil carbon
  • 3.3 Soil fertility renewal and preservation: Organic farming
  • 3.4 Nutrient cycling in depleted organic reservoir
  • 3.5 Resource optimization
  • 3.6 Organic fertility is not a matter of input substitution
  • 3.7 Biologically mediated buffering
  • 3.8 Conclusions
  • References
  • 4 Microbial community structure in organic farming and their management
  • 4.1 Soil microbes in organic farming: An introduction
  • 4.2 Soil microbial abundance and diversity in organic soils
  • 4.2.1 Soil beneficial bacteria in organic soils
  • 4.2.2 Soil fungal diversity under organic farming
  • 4.2.3 The abundance of cyanobacteria in organic soils
  • 4.3 The development of disease suppression in organic soils
  • 4.4 Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as reliable soil health indicators in organic soils
  • 4.5 Soil microbial respiration in organic soils
  • 4.6 Does organic soils promote microbial enzyme activities?
  • 4.7 Factors affecting soil microbial abundance and diversity in organic soils
  • 4.7.1 Climatic conditions
  • 4.7.2 Soil physical properties
  • 4.7.3 Soil chemical properties
  • 4.7.4 Quality of the organic materials
  • 4.7.5 Crop rotation
  • 4.8 Management of soil microbial structure under organic farming
  • 4.9 Conclusions
  • References
  • 5 Use of microbial biostimulants in organic farming
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Biostimulants
  • 5.3 Microbial biostimulants
  • 5.3.1 Nitrogen fixing microorganisms
  • 5.3.2 Phosphate-mineralizing and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms
  • 5.3.3 Zinc-solubilizing microorganisms
  • 5.3.4 Potassium-solubilizing microorganisms
  • 5.3.5 Mycorrhizal association.
  • 5.4 Commercially available biopreparations and bioproducts
  • 5.5 Mechanism associated with microbial biostimulants
  • 5.5.1 Soil nutrient availability
  • 5.5.2 Soil nutrient uptake
  • 5.5.3 Soil nutrient assimilation
  • 5.6 Microorganisms affecting stress tolerance
  • 5.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • 6 Remediation of salt affected soils through microbes to promote organic farming
  • 6.1 Soil salinization: Extent and potential threats to crop productivity
  • 6.2 Soil salinity management with beneficial soil microorganisms
  • 6.3 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for ameliorating salinity stress
  • 6.4 Halophiles: Overview and classification
  • 6.5 Mechanisms of salt stress alleviation via PGPR
  • 6.5.1 Biological nitrogen fixation: The need of the essentials
  • 6.5.2 Phosphate solubilization: A promising approach of PGPR
  • 6.5.3 Production of siderophore
  • 6.5.4 Rhizobacterial phytohormone production
  • 6.5.4.1 Production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or IAA-like substances
  • 6.5.4.2 Production of cytokinins
  • 6.5.4.3 Production of gibberellins
  • 6.5.5 Production of chitinase and glucanase
  • 6.5.6 Production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase
  • 6.5.7 Antibiotic production
  • 6.5.8 PGPR-induced proline production
  • 6.5.9 PGPR-induced antioxidant production
  • 6.5.10 PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance during salt shock
  • 6.5.11 Enhanced osmo-tolerance via beneficial soil microorganisms
  • 6.5.12 Production of exopolysaccharides in saline soils
  • 6.5.13 PGPR-mediated root growth and development
  • 6.5.14 Manipulation of nutrient uptake in saline soils via PGPR
  • 6.5.15 PGPR-induced correction of nutrient imbalances in saline soils
  • 6.6 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Bio-ameliorators of saline soils
  • 6.7 Cyanobacteria: An add-ons of the beneficial soil microbiota.
  • 6.8 Rhizosphere engineering: Manipulating the plant-microbiome interactions in saline soils
  • 6.9 Future studies and conclusions
  • References
  • 7 Improving soil micronutrient availability under organic farming
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Micronutrients and plant health
  • 7.3 Micronutrients for human and animal health
  • 7.4 Micronutrient diagnosis approaches
  • 7.4.1 Crop sensitivity
  • 7.4.2 Deficiency symptoms in plants
  • 7.4.3 Soil and plant analysis
  • 7.5 Micronutrients sources and behavior in soil
  • 7.6 Micronutrients in relation to manures and fertilizers
  • 7.6.1 Available and total Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn status in surface soil
  • 7.6.2 Available and total Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn status in subsurface soils
  • 7.6.3 Fractions of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in soil
  • 7.7 Kunapajala and Panchagavya manures in relation to micronutrients
  • 7.8 Organic sources in relation to micronutrients
  • 7.8.1 Farm yard manure (FYM)
  • 7.8.2 Compost
  • 7.8.3 Oil cakes
  • 7.8.4 Liquid organic manures
  • 7.8.5 Biofertilizers
  • 7.8.6 Animal manures
  • 7.8.7 Cropping system management
  • 7.8.8 Green manuring
  • 7.8.9 Crop residues
  • 7.9 Soil organic build-up on micronutrient dynamics and transformations
  • 7.10 Summary
  • References
  • 8 Organic plant nutrient, protection and production management
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Organic plant nutrition
  • 8.2.1 Sources of organic nutrition
  • 8.2.1.1 Crop residues
  • 8.2.1.2 Manures
  • Compost
  • Methods of compost preparation
  • Composting of municipal solid waste ( Biswas and Ghosh, 2015)
  • Enriched compost ( Biswas and Ghosh, 2015)
  • Advantages of enriched compost
  • Vermicompost ( Biswas and Ghosh, 2015)
  • Green manuring
  • Concentrated organic manures
  • 8.2.2 Sewage and sludge
  • 8.3 Organic protection
  • 8.3.1 Monitoring
  • 8.3.2 Avoidance
  • 8.3.3 Therapy.
  • 8.3.4 Methods of insect pests and disease management under organic production
  • 8.3.4.1 Cultural methods
  • 8.3.4.2 Physical/Mechanical methods
  • 8.3.4.3 Biological methods
  • 8.3.4.4 Chemical methods
  • 8.4 Organic production management
  • 8.4.1 Important steps for organic crop production ( De, 2020)
  • 8.4.2 Technical issues to be considered
  • 8.4.3 Diversified farming systems for sustainable agriculture
  • 8.4.3.1 Alternative land use system
  • 8.4.3.2 Integrated farming systems
  • 8.4.3.3 Indigenous farming systems of North East India ( De and Singh, 2017)
  • 8.4.3.4 Agroforestry based cropping systems ( Purohit and Gehlot, 2006)
  • 8.4.3.5 Aquaculture based farming systems
  • 8.4.3.6 Waste land farming system
  • Horticulture based farming systems ( De, 2017)
  • References
  • Further reading
  • 9 Role of biofertilizers and biopesticides in organic farming
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Biofertilizers
  • 9.3 Biopesticides
  • 9.3.1 The advantages of biopesticides (Kandpal, 2014)
  • 9.3.2 Why biopesticides is important in organic crop production
  • 9.3.3 Potential significance of biofertilizers and biopesticides in organic farming
  • 9.3.4 Effect of biofertilizers and biopesticides on various crops under organic farming
  • 9.3.5 Constraints in popularization of biofertilizer and biopesticides technology and possible way-out
  • 9.4 Concluding remarks and future prospects
  • References
  • Further reading
  • 10 Toward the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses through plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Biotic stress
  • 10.2.1 Plant pathogens
  • 10.3 Abiotic stress
  • 10.3.1 Drought stress
  • 10.3.2 Saline stress
  • 10.3.3 Waterlogging
  • References
  • 11 Organic seed production and certification with special reference to Rajasthan
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Seed and organic seed
  • 11.3 Why organic seed?.

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