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Retinal computation /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London :
Academic Press,
2021.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Retinal Computation
- Copyright
- Contents
- Contributors
- Introduction
- Purpose and scope
- For graduate courses
- Model species
- Guided by the scientific community that welcomed me
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Part 1: Luminance
- Chapter 1: Photon detection
- How many photons does it take to create a percept?
- Increment threshold and dark light
- Signal and noise for sparse photon detection through the retina
- Amplification in rod phototransduction
- Continuous versus discrete noise in rods
- Reproducibility of the single-photon response
- Retinal mechanisms for noise reduction in sparse photon detection
- Noise reduction at the rod output synapse
- An additional threshold in the inner retina
- The next steps in linking retinal physiology to behavior
- References
- Chapter 2: Luminance adaptation
- Rod vision: A gain control mechanism for each convergence point of two photons
- Cone vision: Separate mechanisms in the circuitry and in the cone
- Adaptation on longer timescales
- Neuromodulators
- Feedback from the brain
- Pigment regeneration
- Receptor composition in RGCs
- Subcellular localization of transducin and arrestin
- Other circuit reconfigurations
- References
- Chapter 3: Absolute luminance detection
- IpRGC types
- Behavioral roles for absolute luminance detection
- Mechanisms for absolute luminance detection in the retina
- M1 ipRGCs
- Spatial integration
- Temporal integration
- Distributed coding
- M4 ipRGCs
- Additional ``non-visual�� opsins
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Part 2: Contrast
- Chapter 4: Contrast sensitivity
- The OFF delta (OFF sustained alpha) RGC
- A cell that sits at the inflection point of its tuning curve
- A conserved microcircuit
- Push-pull mechanism to maximize SNR
- A distributed code for contrast.
- Contrast sensitivity distributed among RGCs
- Contrast sensitivity distributed among bipolar cells
- Open questions
- References
- Chapter 5: Contrast adaptation and sensitization
- Contrast has a large dynamic range in natural scenes
- Mechanisms of contrast adaptation in the retina
- Photoreceptor to bipolar cell synapses
- Synaptic depression in bipolar cells
- Intrinsic mechanism in RGC spike generation
- Spatial and temporal scales of contrast adaptation
- Contrast sensitization
- Mechanism and spatial properties of contrast sensitization
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 6: Contrast suppression
- Discovery of SbC RGCs in different species
- ``Uniformity detector�� RGC (rabbit)
- Functional and morphological characteristics
- Mechanism of contrast suppression
- Transient SbC/ON delayed RGC (mouse)
- Functional and morphological characteristics
- Mechanism of contrast suppression
- Sustained SbC RGC (mouse)
- Functional and morphological characteristics
- Mechanism of contrast suppression
- Bursty suppressed-by-contrast (bSbC) RGC (mouse)
- Functional and morphological characteristics
- Mechanism of contrast suppression
- Evidence for SbC RGC projections in the brain
- Speculation about the role of SbC RGCs in behavior
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Part 3: Spatial features
- Chapter 7: Texture sensitivity
- Nonlinear spatial integration
- Receptive field subunits and their functional consequences
- Defocus detection
- Is texture sensitivity important for natural scenes?
- The biological substrate of receptive field subunits
- Spatially nonlinear RF models
- Which RGCs are X and Y cells?
- References
- Chapter 8: Surround suppression
- Outer retinal mechanisms: Horizontal cells
- Inner retinal mechanisms
- Inhibition onto bipolar cells and other ACs.
- Inhibition onto ganglion cells
- Nonlinear surround suppression
- Surround influences beyond suppression
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 9: Object localization
- Spatial acuity and hyperacuity
- Object localization outside the fovea
- ``Spot-detector�� RGCs
- Spatial information in RGCs at smaller scales than the linear RF center
- Spatial information in RGC populations
- Homogeneous populations
- Heterogeneous populations
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 10: Orientation selectivity
- OS retinal ganglion cells
- Mechanisms for OS in the retina
- OS amacrine cells
- OS in bipolar cell outputs
- How is retinal OS used in the brain?
- References
- Part 4: Motion
- Chapter 11: Direction selectivity
- A history of direction selectivity in the vertebrate retina
- Multiple types of DSGCs in the retina
- Mechanisms of DS in the starburst amacrine cell
- Selective anatomical connectivity between SACs and DSGCs
- Mechanisms of direction selectivity in ganglion cells
- Dendritic integration of excitation and inhibition
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 12: Object motion sensitivity
- Discovery of object motion sensitivity in the retina
- Circuit mechanism
- Identifying specific components of OMS circuits in mouse retina
- The W3 mouse line labels an OMS retinal ganglion cell
- TH-2 ACs provide inhibition to some OMS RGCs
- Delayed and OMS excitation from a glutamatergic AC
- How many RGC types are OMS?
- Is direction selectivity related to OMS?
- Why have multiple RGC types that are OMS?
- References
- Chapter 13: Motion anticipation
- Lag normalization
- Beyond smooth motion
- The next challenge: Causal links to behavior
- References
- Chapter 14: Threat detection
- What visual features specify a threat?
- Looming stimuli.
- Retinal circuits for looming detection
- ``Approach-sensitive�� RGCs
- Synchronous oscillations among ``dimming detectors��
- Retinal input to brain circuits for threat detection
- Future directions
- References
- Part 5: Other computations
- Chapter 15: Periodic sequence entrainment
- Retinal responses to ``omitted�� stimuli
- Circuit location and mechanism
- Future directions
- References
- Chapter 16: Color processing
- Photoreceptors form the foundation for color vision
- Theories of efficient and behaviorally relevant color processing
- Chromatic circuits in the outer retina
- Horizontal cells
- Bipolar cells
- Cone to BC connectivity is complex in fish
- Mammals have a conserved S-ON CBC but may differ in additional chromatic BCs
- Chromatic circuits in the inner retina
- Amacrine cells invert S-ON signals into S-OFF
- Color-opponent RGCs in mammals
- Color opponency without selective wiring: The red-green system in Old World primates
- Color circuits with rods
- Regional specialization
- Summary
- References
- Index.