Placebo effects in neurologic disease /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Witek, Natalie P. (Editor ), Goetz, Christopher G. (Editor ), Stebbins, Glenn T. (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Cambridge, MA : Academic Press, 2020.
Edición:First edition.
Colección:International review of neurobiology ; v. 153.
Temas:
Placebos (Medicine)
Central nervous system > Diseases.
Nervous system > Diseases.
Placebo Effect
Placebos
Nervous System Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Syst�eme nerveux central > Maladies.
Effet placebo.
Placebos.
Syst�eme nerveux > Maladies.
Nervous system > Diseases
Central nervous system > Diseases
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Placebo Effects in Neurologic Disease
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Part 1: Background and methods in placebo
  • Chapter One: Better than nothing: A historical account of placebos and placebo effects from modern to contemporary medicine
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The etymology of ``placebo�� and its first recorded use in medicine (fourth century-1772)
  • 3. Placebos as treatments in clinical practice (1772-1954)
  • 4. Placebos as controls in scientific research (1772-1930s)
  • 5. The ``Conferences on Therapy�� at Cornell University (1930s-1946)
  • 6. Beecher and the ``powerful placebo�� (1955)
  • 7. The rise of RCTs and the first pioneering studies on placebo effects (1955-1970s)
  • 8. The empirical study of placebo effects and the golden age of placebo research (1970s-)
  • 9. Summary and conclusions
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • Chapter Two: Determinants of placebo effects
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Intrinsic factors impacting placebo response
  • 2.1. Neural systems involved in the placebo response
  • 2.2. Patient-based determinants
  • 2.2.1. Personality factors
  • 2.2.2. Genetic factors
  • 2.2.3. Environmental factors
  • 2.3. Clinician/researcher based determinants
  • 2.3.1. Personality factors
  • 2.3.2. Environmental factors
  • 3. Extrinsic factors impacting placebo response
  • 3.1. Study design
  • 3.2. Advertising, branding, and exclusivity as enhancers of placebo effects
  • 4. Culture
  • 5. Future directions
  • References
  • Chapter Three: Strategies to minimize placebo effects in research investigations
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Concepts and definitions
  • 3. Why may the placebo effect be detrimental in clinical trials?
  • 4. The impact
  • 5. Placebo effect in neurology
  • 6. Strategies to minimize the placebo effect in clinical trials
  • 6.1. Study design
  • 6.2. Statistical power
  • 6.3. Patient selection
  • 6.4. Allocation stratification
  • 6.5. Outcomes and endpoints
  • 6.6. Analysis
  • 7. Challenges and future direction
  • References
  • Chapter Four: Maximizing placebo response in neurological clinical practice
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Why should placebo be maximized in the clinic?
  • 3. How should placebo be maximized in the clinic?
  • 3.1. Personalizing placebo response and utilizing predictors of placebo response
  • 3.2. Strategies that modulate expectations
  • 3.3. Impact of learning
  • 4. Future perspectives
  • Funding
  • Conflict of interest
  • References
  • Chapter Five: Statistical methods in handling placebo effect
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Trial designs
  • 2.1. Designs to eliminate and/or reduce placebo response
  • 2.2. Crossover study design
  • 2.3. Placebo run-in and randomized withdrawal designs
  • 2.4. Sequential parallel comparison design (SPCD)
  • 2.5. Two-way enriched design (TED)
  • 2.6. Designs to estimate placebo response
  • 2.6.1. Delayed-start or randomized-start designs

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