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Reproducibility in biomedical research : epistemological and statistical problems /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London, United Kingdom :
Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier,
2019.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Reproducibility in Biomedical Research; Copyright Page; Dedication; Quote; Contents; Preface; Prologue; 1 Introduction; Science as Argumentation Within the Experiment and Within the Community; Scientific Argumentation and Logic; The Multifaceted Notion of Irreproducibility; Productive Irreproducibility; Ontology Versus Epistemology; The Use of Logical Formalism; Summary; 2 The Problem of Irreproducibility; Type I and II Errors; Controlling the Inevitability of Irreproducibility Risk; Institutional Responses; Reproducibility and Irreproducibility
- Contributions of Logic to Biomedical ResearchReductionism and Conceptual (Broad) Irreproducibility; Variability, Central Tendency, Chaos, and Complexity; Conceptual Reproducibility and the Importance of Hypothesis Generation; Summary; 3 Validity of Biomedical Science, Reproducibility, and Irreproducibility; Science Must Be Doing Something Right and Therein Lies Reproducibility and Productive Irreproducibility; Science Versus Human Knowledge of It; The Necessity of Enabling Assumptions; The Centrality of Reproducibility; The Central Tendency; The Scientific Method; Reductionism; Causality
- Special Cases of Irreproducible ReproducibilityScience as Inference to the Best Explanation; Summary; 4 The Logic of Certainty Versus the Logic of Discovery; Certainty, Reproducibility, and Logic; Deductive Logic-Certainty and Limitations; Syllogistic Deduction; Judicious Use of the Fallacy of Four Terms; Partial, Probability, Practical, and Causal Syllogisms; Propositional Logic; Induction; The Duhem-Quine Thesis; Summary; 5 The Logic of Probability and Statistics; The Value of the Logical Perspective in Probability and Statistics
- Metaphysics: Ontology Versus Epistemology and Biomedical ReproducibilityIndependence of Probabilities and Regression Toward the Mean; Avoiding the Fallacy of Four Terms; The Conflation of Ontology and Epistemology; Summary; 6 Causation, Process Metaphor, and Reductionism; Practical Syllogism and Beyond; Centrality of Hypothesis to Experimentation and Centrality of Causation to Hypothesis Generation; Reductionism and the Fallacies of Composition and Division; Other Fallacies as Applied to Cause; Discipline in the Principle of Causational and Informational Synonymy; Summary
- 7 Case Studies in Clinical Biomedical ResearchForbearance of Repetition; Setting the Stage; Clinical Meaningfulness; Statistics and Internal Validity; Establishing Clinical Meaningfulness; Specific Features to Look for in Case Studies; Case Study-Two Conflicting Studies of Hormone Use in Postmenopausal Women, Which Is Irreproducible?; Summary; 8 Case Studies in Basic Biomedical Research; Forbearance of Repetition; Purpose; Setting the Stage; The Value of a Tool from Its Intended Use; What is Basic Biomedical Research?; Scientific Meaning Versus Statistical Significance