Coal and peat fires : a global perspective. Volume 5, Case studies -- advances in field and laboratory research /

Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective, Volume Five: Case Studies - Advances in Field and Laboratory Research, the companion to volumes 1-4, includes the latest research findings about coal and peat fires in the United States, China, India, France, Spain, Poland, and Ireland. Included are chapter...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Stracher, Glenn B. (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, [2019]
Temas:
Coal.
Peatland animals.
Coal > Geology.
Coal > Combustion.
Peat > Geology.
Peat > Combustion.
Coal
Charbon.
Faune des tourbi�eres.
Charbon > G�eologie.
Charbon > Combustion.
Tourbe > G�eologie.
Tourbe > Combustion.
coal.
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Chemical & Biochemical.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Front Cover
  • Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective
  • Captions for Front Cover Photos
  • Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Preface to Volume 1
  • Preface to Volume 2
  • Preface to Volume 3
  • Preface to Volume 4
  • Preface to Volume 5
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • List of Contributors
  • Case Studies
  • Advances in Field and Laboratory Research
  • Case Studies
  • Advances in Field and Laboratory Research
  • Case Studies
  • Advances in Field and Laboratory Research
  • 1
  • The Earliest Known Uses of Coal as a Fuel: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Bronze Age Coal Fires
  • 1.1 The Earliest Known Uses of Burning Coal
  • Introduction
  • Coal as a Fuel
  • Harvesting Potential Energy
  • Paleolithic and Mesolithic Coal Fires
  • Southern France
  • Czech Silesia
  • Bronze Age Coal Fires
  • China
  • Wales
  • Additional Occurrences
  • Possible Uses of Coal for Smelting in Serbia and the Middle East
  • More About Europe
  • The Americas
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References
  • WWW Addresses: Additional Reading
  • 2
  • Coal-Fire Microarthropods From the Centralia, Pennsylvania and Healy, Alaska Mine Fires
  • 2.1 Arthropods and Coal Fires
  • Introduction
  • The Arthropods
  • Characteristics of Arthropods
  • External Features
  • Internal and Additional Features
  • Field Methods: Collecting Microarthropods
  • Collection Procedure
  • Laboratory Extraction of Microarthropods
  • Microscopy of Microarthropods
  • Processing of Microarthropods for SEM Imaging
  • Rehydration
  • Dehydration
  • Images of Coal-Fire Microarthropods
  • Centralia Mine Fire, Pennsylvania
  • Springtails
  • Mites
  • Thrips
  • Beetles
  • Beetle Larvae
  • Healy Mine Fire, Alaska
  • Aphids
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References
  • WWW Addresses: Additional Reading
  • 3
  • Coal Fires of Northeastern Pennsylvania.
  • 3.1 Coal Fires of Northeastern Pennsylvania
  • Introduction
  • Early Mine Fires
  • The Changing Anthracite Industry
  • The Future
  • Summary and Conclusion
  • Appendix: Coal Fires
  • Carbondale, Centralia, and Other Middle Period Coal Fires
  • Recent Fires
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References
  • 4
  • The Summit Hill Coal-Mine Fire, Pennsylvania
  • 4.1 The Summit Hill Mine Fire
  • Introduction
  • History and Development
  • The Burning Mines Fire
  • Dealing with the Fire
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References
  • 5
  • Modern and Ancient Coal Fires in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana
  • 5.1 Coal Fires and Clinker
  • Introduction
  • Causes of Coal Fires
  • Modern Coal Fires
  • Fires in Abandoned Underground Mines
  • Fires in Highwalls and Spoil Piles
  • Fires in Natural Coal Outcrops
  • Low-Level Smoldering of Coal Beds
  • Ancient Coal Fires
  • Extent of Clinker
  • Methods of Dating
  • Age of Clinker
  • 5.2 Geologic History of Clinker in the Eastern Powder River Basin
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References
  • 6
  • The Occurrence and Use of Coal Cinders in Washington State
  • 6.1 The Occurrence and Use of Coal Cinders in Washington State
  • Introduction
  • The Use of Cinders
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References
  • 7
  • The Spontaneous Combustion of Coal-Mine Waste and Stream Effects in the El Bierzo Coalfield, Spain
  • 7.1 The El Bierzo Coalfield, Spain
  • Introduction
  • Mine-Acid Drainage
  • Spontaneous Combustion of Coal Waste
  • Case Study
  • 7.2 Materials and Methods
  • Sampling
  • Analytical Methods
  • 7.3 Physicochemical Parameters
  • Physicochemical Parameters
  • 7.4 Minor and Trace Element Concentrations
  • Minor and Trace Element Concentrations
  • 7.5 Surface Water Quality
  • Surface Water Quality
  • 7.6 Sources of Contamination.
  • Potential Sources of Contamination
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References
  • 8
  • Analyzing the Status of Thermal Events in Longwall Coal Mine Gobs
  • 8.1 Thermal Accidents in Underground Coal Mines
  • Introduction
  • Mining Hazards
  • 8.2 Spontaneous Combustion of Longwall Gob
  • Introduction
  • Three Zones in Coal-Mine Gob
  • Nonspontaneous Combustion Zone
  • Spontaneous Combustion Zone
  • Suffocation Zone
  • Gob Zones and Air-Flow Velocity
  • Gob Zones and Oxygen Concentration
  • 8.3 Fire Ratios and Indicators
  • Introduction
  • Graham's Ratio
  • Trickett's Ratio
  • Relative Intensity
  • Litton Ratio
  • Hydrocarbon Ratio
  • 8.4 Explosibility Analysis of Mining Atmospheres
  • Introduction
  • Tertiary Diagrams
  • Revised Le Chatelier's Rule
  • Maximum Allowable Oxygen Analysis
  • U.S. Bureau of Mines Explosibility Diagram
  • Coward Explosibility Triangle
  • Kukuczka Method
  • Mine-Gas Distribution Patterns
  • Longwall Mining Gob Experiment
  • The Datong Mine
  • The Experimental Model
  • Air Velocity and Gas Release Rates
  • Results and Discussion
  • Gas Distribution in the Gob
  • Gas Distribution in Overlying Strata
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References
  • WWW Addresses: Additional Reading
  • 9
  • Gases Generated During the Low-Temperature Oxidation and Pyrolysis of Coal and the Effects on Methane-Air Flammable Limits
  • 9.1 Gases Generated During Low-Temperature Oxidation and Pyrolysis
  • Introduction
  • Experimental Conditions
  • Gas Production Rates
  • Gas Generation During Oxidation and Pyrolysis
  • Oxidation and Spontaneous Combustion Gases
  • Discussion
  • 9.2 Gas Effects on Methane-Air Flammable Limits
  • Introduction
  • Experiment Conditions
  • Flammable Limits
  • Explosive Risk Value F
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Important Terms
  • References.
  • 10
  • Determination of the Characteristics of Coal-Spontaneous Combustion and the Danger Zone
  • 10.1 Coal-Spontaneous Combustion Analysis
  • Introduction
  • Coal Samples
  • Experimental Apparatus
  • Gas Concentration
  • Oxygen Consumption Rate
  • Heat Energy Release
  • Limiting Parameters: Mined-Out Area
  • Discussion
  • 10.2 The Danger Zone: Determining Coal-Spontaneous Combustion
  • The 3006-Working Face in the Hebi Coal Mine
  • In Situ Observation
  • Danger Zone Determination
  • Three Zone Determination: Mined-Out Area
  • Determination of Danger Zone: Mined-Out Area
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Additional Reading
  • 11
  • Quantification of the Environmental Impact of Coal Fires: Xinjiang Province, China
  • 11.1 Coal Fire Pollutants
  • Introduction
  • Analytical Methods
  • Programmed Heating-Oxidation
  • Thermogravimetric Analysis
  • Thermodynamic Simulations
  • Results and Discussion
  • FactSage Modeling
  • 11.2 Migration of Heavy Metals in Soil Affected by Coal Fires
  • Introduction
  • Analytical Methods
  • Soil Sampling
  • Experimental Apparatus and Reagents
  • Isothermal Adsorption and Desorption
  • Soil Column Construction
  • Leachate Setting
  • Leaching Test
  • Results and Discussion
  • Adsorption Characteristics
  • Desorption Characteristics
  • Accumulated Amount and Rate of Arsenic Release
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 12
  • Colloid Technology for Preventing and Extinguishing the Spontaneous Combustion of Coal
  • 12.1 Colloidal Technology for Fighting the Spontaneous Combustion of Coal
  • Introduction
  • Colloidal Mitigation of Spontaneous Combustion
  • Colloid Composition and Classification
  • Colloid Composition
  • Colloid Classification
  • Colloid Properties for Preventing Combustion
  • Control of Gelation Time
  • Water Retention Capacity
  • Pressure Resistance
  • Permeability.
  • Heat Energy Absorption
  • Temperature Tolerance
  • Drag Reduction
  • Chemical Resistant Effect
  • 12.2 Gel for Extinguishing a Coal Fire
  • Characteristics
  • Preparation and Injection
  • Continuous Injection System
  • Purpose
  • 12.3 Thickened Colloid for Extinguishing a Coal Fire
  • Characteristics
  • Preparation and Injection
  • Purpose
  • 12.4 Composite Colloid for Extinguishing a Coal Fire
  • Characteristics
  • Preparation and Injection
  • Equipment Features and Applicability
  • Ground Compaction and Injection
  • Preparation and Injection Technique
  • Equipment Features and Applicability
  • 12.5 Case Study
  • No. 4 Coal Seam Fires in Baoding, Panzhihua
  • Coal-Fire Detection
  • Radon
  • Drilling Process
  • Injection Technique
  • Treatment Effects
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • 13
  • Crystallochemical Behavior of Slag Minerals and the Occurrence of Potentially New Mineral Species From Lapanouse-de-S�ev�erac, France
  • 13.1 Slag and Potentially New Minerals From Lapanouse-de-S�ev�erac, France
  • Introduction
  • Previous Research
  • 13.2 Analyses and Materials Description
  • Rock Characteristics
  • Analytical Methods
  • Rock Mineralogy and Mineral Chemistry
  • Anhydrite (CaSO4)
  • Alkali Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)
  • Apatite Supergroup (Ca5(PO4,SiO4,VO4,SO4)3(F,OH,O,Cl))
  • Calcium Ferrites (Mainly Srebrodolskite, Ca2Fe2O5)
  • Cancrinite Group (Approximately (Na,Ca,K)7-8(Al,Si)10-12O22-24(SO4,PO4)[(1-x)-2]�nH2O)
  • Clinopyroxene Subgroup (Diopside-Esseneite-Hedenbergite (Ca(Mg,Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Al)2O6)
  • Cuspidine (Ca4(Si2O7)F2)
  • Ettringite Group (Ca3[(Si,Al)(OH)6](SO4,CO3)2�12H2O)
  • Garnet Group (Andradite, Ca3(Fe,Ti)2(SiO4)3)
  • Hematite (Fe2O3)
  • Larnite (Ca2SiO4)
  • Leucite (KAlSi2O6)
  • Melilite Group (Ca2(Al,Mg,Fe3+)(Al,Si)(Si,Al)O7) and Related Species
  • Nepheline ((Na,K)AlSiO4)
  • Oldhamite (CaS)
  • Olivine Group ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4).

Ejemplares similares