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Health care and environmental contamination /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge, MA :
Elsevier,
2018.
|
| Colección: | Environmental contaminants ;
v. 11. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- 1. Environmental Contaminants and Health Care: An Introduction / Rai S. Kookana
- 2. Environmental Contamination From Health-Care Facilities / Tiago S. Oliveira
- Introduction
- PPCPs in Health Care Facilities Effluents
- PPCPs in WWTPs
- Municipal WWTPs
- Hospital Effluent
- Other Treatment Options
- PPCPs Emission and Ecological Risks
- Conclusion
- References
- 3. Fate and Behavior of Environmental Contaminants Arising From Health-Care Provision / Rai S. Kookana
- Introduction
- Environmental Fate Processes
- Physicochemical Properties of Healthcare Contaminants
- Receiving Environments
- Aquatic Environment
- Fate Processes Impacting Wastewater Treatment
- Fate in the Aquatic Ecosystem
- Terrestrial Environment
- Fate in the Terrestrial Ecosystem
- Wastewater and Biosolids Application on Land
- Atmosphere
- Disposal of Poorly Treated Healthcare Waste
- Conclusions
- References
- 4. Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Health Care and the Environment / W. Baylor Steele
- Health care and the Environment: Pharmaceuticals are Indicators of Urbanization
- Historical Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicology Tools: Inadequate for Pharmaceuticals?
- Ecotoxicology During Retrospective Studies of Water Quality
- Bioaccumulation During Prospective Studies of Chemicals
- Ecotoxicity during Prospective Studies of Chemicals
- Emerging Ecotoxicology Approaches for Studying Health-care Impacts
- Biological Read-Across, Fish Plasma Modeling and Behavioral Ecotoxicology
- Ecotoxicology and Bioaccumulation Approaches to Study Medicines in the Environment
- Ecotoxicology Outlook for Medicines: Opportunities to Advance Sustainability Science?
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Further Reading
- 5. Terrestrial Ecotoxicity / Chad A. Kinney
- Introduction of Health-Care Products into Terrestrial Environments
- Regulatory and Technical Aspects of Health-Care Products in the Terrestrial Environment
- Soil Invertebrate (Earthworm) Toxicity
- Plant Toxicity
- Outlook and Future Research Needs
- References
- 6. Environmental Contaminants of Health-Care Origin: Exposure and Potential Effects in Wildlife / Barnett A. Rattner
- Introduction
- Sources of Health-care Contaminants and Exposure Pathways for Wildlife
- Aquatic Environment
- Terrestrial Environment
- Current Knowledge of Exposure, Hazard and Risks of Contaminants of Health-care Origin
- Mammals
- Birds
- Reptiles and Amphibians
- Approaches for Characterizing Exposure, Hazard and Risk Posed by Contaminants From Health care to Wildlife
- Exposure Assessment
- Hazard Assessment: Empirical Data and the Use of Read-Across From Preclinical and Clinical Drug Trials
- Risk
- Future Priorities
- Exposure Assessment
- Hazard Assessments
- Exposure and Risk of APIs to Wildlife in Developing Countries
- Novel Ideas and Thinking Outside of the Box
- Do Wildlife Act as Vectors for the Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance?
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 7. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and Human Health / Alistair B.A. Boxall
- Introduction
- Routes of Human Exposure to Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
- Toxicological Risks of Pharmaceutical Residues in the Environment
- Potential Indirect Effects of Pharmaceutical Residues on Human Health and Well-being
- Research Needs
- References
- Further Reading
- 8. Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance: Closing the Loop Between Hospitals and the Environment / Amy Pruden
- What are Antibiotics?
- What is Antibiotic Resistance?
- How to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
- Antibiotic Resistance Genes as Environmental "Contaminants"
- Opportunities to Mitigate the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance via the Water Cycle
- "Hot-Spot" Treatment at Hospitals
- Wastewater Treatment Plants and Recycled Water
- Agricultural Practices
- Aquaculture
- Antibiotic Manufacturing
- Closing Thoughts
- References
- Further Reading
- 9. Antimicrobial Use and Ecotoxicological Risks from Pandemics and Epidemics / Andrew C. Singer
- Introduction
- Case Study: Influenza Pandemic 2009
- Secondary Bacterial Infections
- Environmental Relevance of Medical Response
- Preparing for the Next Pandemic
- Special Cases of Mosquito Transmission
- Known and Unknown Unknowns
- Pandemics of Chronic Diseases
- Conclusion
- References
- 10. Management of Waste from the Health-Care Sector / Amy Wolff
- Need for Healthcare Waste Management
- Defining "Healthcare" Waste
- UK Definition of Healthcare Waste
- Healthcare Waste Management in Economically Less Developed Countries
- Basics of Healthcare Waste Management
- Options for Healthcare Waste Treatment and Disposal
- Landfill
- Destruction Processes
- Low Temperature Sterilization Processes
- Legislative Framework of the Healthcare Waste Sector in the United Kingdom
- Global Dimension
- How European Legislation Works in the United Kingdom and Implications for Brexit
- UK Regulatory Authorities
- Applying the Waste Hierarchy in the Healthcare Sector
- Circular Economy Approach
- "Duty of Care" Principle
- Classifying a Waste Using the European Waste Catalogue
- Color Coding of Waste Containers
- Research and Laboratory Wastes
- Environmental Permitting and Waste Management Licensing
- Conclusions
- Legislation Shaping and Creating a Healthier Healthcare Waste Sector
- References
- Further Reading
- 11. Stewardship Approaches to Reducing Health-Care Contaminants / Karin P.M. Helwig
- Introduction
- Environmental Stewardship
- Medicinal Product Chain
- Legislative Context of Healthcare Contaminants
- Current Legislation
- Stewardship at Regulatory Level
- Stewardship Approaches along the Medicinal Product Chain
- Product Design and Production
- Manufacturing
- Healthcare Sector
- Wasted Pharmaceuticals
- Source Segregation of Urine
- Wastewater Treatment
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- 12. Management of Environmental Contaminants From Health Care: Sustainable Pharmacy / Klaus Kummerer
- Introduction
- Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
- End of the Pipe's End
- New Business Models
- Stakeholders
- Benign by Design
- References
- Further Reading
- 13. Policy, Regulations, and Risk Assessment / David Taylor
- Introduction
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Pharmaceutical Use
- Regulatory Frameworks
- Regulatory ERA and EA Approaches
- Risk Management
- Environmental Legislation
- Relationship Between Medicines and Environmental Legislation
- Unused and Life Expired Medicines
- References
- Further Reading.