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Mixed-phase clouds : observations and modeling /
Annotation
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam :
Elsevier,
2017.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Mixed-phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1. Observations; 2. Modeling; 3. Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; Part 1: Observations; Chapter 2: Ice Nucleation in Mixed-Phase Clouds; 1. The Relevance of Ice Nucleation to Mixed-Phase Clouds; 1.1. Modes of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation; 1.2. Ice Nucleation in the Atmosphere; 1.3. Ice Nucleation in Mixed-Phase Clouds; 2. Experimental Methods for Examining Ice Nucleation; 2.1. Wet Dispersion Methods; 2.2. Dry Dispersion Methods; 3. Nucleation Theory.
- 3.1. Homogeneous Ice Nucleation3.1.1. Classical Description of Homogenous Ice Nucleation; 3.2. Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation; 3.2.1. Application of CNT to Heterogeneous Nucleation; 3.2.2. Single Component Stochastic Models; 3.2.3. Multiple Component Stochastic Models; 3.2.4. Singular Models; 3.2.5. The Framework for Reconciling Observable Stochastic Time-Dependence (FROST); 3.2.6. Comparison and Summary of Models of Heterogeneous Nucleation; 4. Properties of Good Heterogeneous Ice Nucleators; 4.1. The Traditional View of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation.
- 4.1.1. Size and Solubility of Heterogeneous INPs4.1.2. Lattice Matching; 4.1.3. Bonding of Water to INPs; 4.1.4. Active Sites and Topographical Effects; 5. What Nucleates Ice in Mixed-Phase Clouds?; 6. Field Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles; 7. Summary; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 3: Detection of Mixed-Phase Clouds From Shortwave and Thermal Infrared Satellite Observations; 1. Introduction; 2. Cloud Phase Determination From Passive Satellite Radiometers; 3. Determination of Liquid-Top Mixed-Phase (LTMP); 3.1. Theoretical Basis; 3.2. Algorithm Description.
- 3.2.1. Construction of the Database3.2.2. Threshold Determination; 3.2.3. Algorithm Flow; 4. Application to Current Satellite Observations; 4.1. S-NPP VIIRS Case Study; 4.2. Himawari-8 AHI Case Study; 5. Discussion and Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Microphysical Properties of Convectively Forced Mixed-Phase Clouds; 1. Convectively Forced Mixed-Phase Clouds; 2. Quantities Typically Measured; 3. Field Experiments; 4. In Situ Measurement Methods; 4.1. Bulk Instruments; 4.2. Single Particle Probes; 4.3. Imaging Probes; 5. Properties of Bulk Water Mass; 5.1. Liquid Water Content.
- 5.2. Ice Water Contents6. Particle Size Distributions; 7. Liquid Particle Concentrations; 8. Precipitation Particle Concentrations and Shapes; 9. Summary; Acknowledgments; References; Further Reading; Chapter 5: Characterization of Mixed-Phase Clouds: Contributions From the Field Campaigns and Ground Based Networks; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Observations; 1.1.1. Earlier Observations; 1.1.2. Types of Mixed-Phase Clouds; 1.2. Aircraft Icing; 1.3. Cloud Seeding; 1.4. Precipitation Forecast; 1.5. Climate Modeling; 2. Observations of Mixed-Phase Clouds During Field Campaigns.