From Artemisia annua L. to Artemisinins : the discovery and development of artemisinins and antimalarial agents /

From Artemisia annua L. to Artemisinins: The Discovery and Development of Artemisinins and Antimalarial Agents is the first book that systematically introduces the origin and development of artemisinine and artemisinine-based drugs. It includes four distinct sections, including Artemisia annua L., A...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Tu, Youyou, 1930- (Autor)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: London ; San Diego : Chemical Industry Press : Academic Press, [2017]
Temas:
Artemisinin.
Antimalarials.
Artemisia annua.
Artemisinins
Antimalarials
Art�emisinine.
Antipaludiques.
HEALTH & FITNESS > Diseases > General.
MEDICAL > Clinical Medicine.
MEDICAL > Diseases.
MEDICAL > Evidence-Based Medicine.
MEDICAL > Internal Medicine.
Artemisia annua
Artemisinin
Electronic books.
Internet Resources.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • About the Author
  • List of Contributors
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • The Discovery History of Artemisinin
  • 1
  • Discovery of Antimalarial Effect of Artemisinin
  • 2
  • Structural Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship Research of Artemisinin and Derivatives
  • 3
  • Artemisinin-A Gift From Traditional Chinese Medicine to the World
  • Part 1
  • Artemisia annua L.
  • Chapter 1
  • Introduction
  • 1
  • The History of Artemisia annua L. and Its Antimalarial Efficacy
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • Chapter 2
  • Studies of the Certified and Confused Herba Artemisiae Annuae
  • 1
  • A Revision of the Chinese Name of the Sweet Wormwood Plant
  • 2
  • Market Research on the Commercial Herba Artemisiae Annuae
  • 3
  • Original Plants of Artemisia annua L. and Its Five Confused Congeners
  • 3.1
  • Artemisia annua L.
  • 3.2
  • Artemisia apiacea Hance
  • 3.3
  • Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit.
  • 3.4
  • Artemisia capillaris Thunb
  • 3.5
  • Artemisia japonica Thunb
  • 3.6
  • Artemisia eriopoda Bunge
  • 4
  • Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Studies of Artemisia annua L. and Its Five Confused Congeners
  • 4.1
  • Artemisia annua L.
  • 4.2
  • Artemisia apiacea Hance
  • 4.3
  • Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit.
  • 4.4
  • Artemisia capillaris Thunb
  • 4.5
  • Artemisia eriopoda Bunge
  • 4.6
  • Artemisia japonica Thunb
  • 5
  • Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
  • 6
  • Study of Chemical Constituents of A. annua L. and Its Confused Congeners
  • 7
  • Dynamic Research on Chemical Constituents of A. annua L.
  • References
  • Chapter 3
  • Research on Artemisia annua L. for the Treatment of Malaria
  • 1
  • Researches on Active Antimalarial Ingredients in Herbs
  • 1.1
  • Exploration and Identification
  • 1.2
  • Research on Pharmacodynamics of Active Neutral Moiety in Artemisia annua L.
  • 1.2.1
  • Plasmodium berghei.
  • 1.2.2
  • Plasmodium inui (Plasmodium cynomolgi)
  • 1.3
  • Researches on the Safety of Neutral Moiety in Artemisia annua L.
  • 1.3.1
  • Acute toxicity
  • 1.3.2
  • Effect on the heart
  • 1.3.3
  • Effect on the liver
  • 1.3.4
  • Effect on kidneys
  • 1.3.5
  • Pathological examination
  • 1.3.6
  • Human trials
  • 1.4
  • First Research on Clinical Efficacy of Active Neutral Moiety in Artemisia annua L.
  • 2
  • Separation and Purification of the Active Ingredient (Artemisinin) and Determination of Its Antimalarial Efficacy and Chemical Structure
  • 2.1
  • Discovery of Artemisinin
  • 2.2
  • Researches on Safety of Artemisinin and Determination of Clinical Antimalarial Effect
  • 2.2.1
  • Acute toxicity test
  • 2.2.2
  • Effect on heart
  • 2.2.3
  • Effect on liver
  • 2.2.4
  • Histopathological examination
  • 2.2.5
  • Observation of toxic and side effect in human trials
  • 2.3
  • Identification of the Chemical Structure of Artemisinin
  • 3
  • First Measurement of Absolute Configuration of Artemisinin With Anomalous Scattering of Oxygen Atom in China
  • 3.1
  • Experiment and Data Processing
  • 3.2
  • Determination of Structure
  • 3.3
  • Amendment of Structure
  • 3.4
  • Determination of Absolute Configuration
  • Chapter 4
  • Advancement in Researches on Chemical Ingredients in Artemisia annua L.
  • 1
  • Terpenoids
  • 1.1
  • Sesquiterpenes-Like Compounds
  • 1.2
  • Other Terpenoids
  • 2
  • Other Compounds
  • 2.1
  • Coumarins
  • 2.2
  • Flavonoids
  • 2.3
  • Aliphatic and Enyne Compounds
  • 2.4
  • Others
  • 3
  • Gas Chromatography Analysis of Volatile Oils
  • References
  • Chapter 5
  • Studies on Quality Control of Qinghao
  • 1
  • Artemisinin
  • 1.1
  • Identification of Artemisinin in Qinghao by TLC
  • 1.2
  • Determination of Artemisinin in Qinghao (Aerial Part of Artemisia annua L.)
  • 1.2.1
  • Chemicals, reagents, and materials
  • 1.2.2
  • Apparatus and chromatographic conditions.
  • 1.2.3
  • Reference solution and calibration curve
  • 1.2.4
  • Test solution
  • 1.2.5
  • Precision
  • 1.2.6
  • Stability
  • 1.2.7
  • Repeatability
  • 1.2.8
  • Recovery
  • 1.2.9
  • Quantitative determination of artemisinin in Qinghao
  • 2
  • Scopoletin
  • 2.1
  • Identification of Scopoletin in Qinghao by TLC
  • 2.2
  • Determination of Scopoletin in Qinghao (Aerial Part of Artemisia annua L.)
  • 2.2.1
  • Chemicals, reagents, and materials
  • 2.2.2
  • Apparatus and chromatographic conditions
  • 2.2.3
  • Reference solution and calibration curve
  • 2.2.4
  • Test solution
  • 2.2.5
  • Precision
  • 2.2.6
  • Repeatability and stability
  • 2.2.7
  • Recovery
  • 2.2.8
  • Quantitative determination of scopoletin in Qinghao
  • Reference
  • Chapter 6
  • Studies on Pharmacological Actions of Artemisia annua
  • 1
  • Studies on Antipyretic, Heat-Resistant, Antiinflammatory, Analgesic, and Antimicrobial Actions of Artemisia annua
  • 1.1
  • Water-Extracted Portion
  • 1.1.1
  • Fever reduction test
  • 1.1.2
  • High temperature resistance test
  • 1.1.3
  • Antiinflammation test
  • 1.1.4
  • Pain relief test
  • 1.2
  • Solvent-Extracted Portion
  • 1.2.1
  • Fever reduction test
  • 1.2.2
  • High temperature resistance test
  • 1.2.3
  • Antiinflammation test
  • 1.3
  • Antiinflammation Test of Scopoletin
  • 1.4
  • Antimicrobial Tests
  • 1.4.1
  • Methods
  • 1.4.2
  • Results
  • 1.5
  • Acute Toxicity Test
  • 2
  • Studies on Pharmacological Actions of Volatile Oils of Artemisia annua
  • 2.1
  • Studies on Expectorant, Antitussive, and Antiasthmatic Actions
  • 2.2
  • Toxicity Tests of Volatile Oils of Artemisia annua
  • 2.2.1
  • Acute toxicity test
  • 2.2.2
  • Subacute toxicity test
  • 2.2.3
  • Effect of volatile oils of Artemisia annua on serum alanine transaminase level
  • 2.2.4
  • Conclusions
  • 2.3
  • Formulation Studies
  • 2.3.1
  • Formula
  • 2.3.2
  • Preparation
  • 2.4
  • Clinical Studies.
  • 3
  • Progress in Pharmacological Action Studies and Clinical Application of Artemisia annua
  • 3.1
  • Immunomodulation Function
  • 3.2
  • Antischistosoma Activity
  • 3.3
  • Antiviral Action
  • 3.4
  • Antimicrobial Action
  • 3.5
  • Antiendotoxin Action
  • 3.6
  • Pharmacological Action of Artemisia annua Prescriptions
  • 3.7
  • Antifeedant Activity Against Pests
  • 3.8
  • Other Biological Activities and Clinical Application
  • References
  • Chapter 7
  • Studies on the Cultivation and Breeding of Artemisia annua L.
  • 1
  • Biological Characteristics of Artemisia annua and Its Progress
  • 1.1
  • Cultivation of Artemisia annua
  • 1.1.1
  • Harvest
  • 1.1.2
  • Postharvest handling
  • 1.2
  • Reproductive Physiology of Artemisia annua
  • 1.3
  • Physiology and Biochemistry of Artemisia annua
  • 1.4
  • Structural, Biochemical, and Physiological Functions of the Glandular Trichomes of Artemisia annua
  • 1.5
  • Genetic Improvement
  • 2
  • Tissue Culture of Artemisia annua L.
  • 2.1
  • Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration
  • 2.2
  • Determination of Artemisinin Content
  • 3
  • Hairy Root Cultures of Artemisia annua L.
  • 3.1
  • Hairy Root, Untransformed Root, and Callus Cultures of Artemisia annua
  • 3.2
  • Selection of Artemisinin High-Yielding Hairy Root Lines
  • 3.3
  • Dynamics of Growth and Artemisinin Biosynthesis of Hairy Root of Artemisia annua
  • 4
  • Induction of Shoot Clusters of Artemisia annua L.
  • 4.1
  • Factors Influencing the Induction of Artemisia annua Shoot Clusters
  • 4.1.1
  • Effects of medium components on the induction rate of shoot clusters
  • 4.1.2
  • Differences of shoot clusters induction rate in explants of different culture time and different genotypes
  • 4.1.3
  • Effects of light, temperature, and photoperiod on the induction of shoot clusters
  • 4.2
  • Regulation of Physicochemical Factors on the Growth of Shoot Clusters and Artemisinin Biosynthesis.
  • 4.2.1
  • Effect of constituents of culture medium on the growth of shoot clusters and artemisinin biosynthesis
  • 4.2.1.1
  • Inorganic constituents
  • 4.2.1.2
  • Other constituents
  • 4.2.2
  • Effects of light, temperature, and growth cycle on the growth of shoot clustersand artemisinin biosynthesis
  • 5
  • Artemisinin Production in Bioreactors
  • 6
  • Space Breeding of Artemisia annua L.
  • 6.1
  • Screening of Space-High-Yield Strain
  • 6.2
  • Field Cultivation of Space-High-Yield Strain SP-18
  • 6.3
  • Comparison of Artemisinin Content of SP-18 Planted in the South and in the North of China
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 8
  • Metabolic Engineering of Artemisia annua L.
  • 1
  • Progress in the Molecular Regulation of Artemisinin Biosynthesis
  • 1.1
  • The Biosynthetic Pathway of Artemisinin
  • 1.1.1
  • From acetyl-CoA to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP)
  • 1.1.2
  • From farnesyl diphosphate to artemisinin
  • 1.2
  • Related Enzymes of Artemisinin Biosynthesis
  • 1.2.1
  • 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR)
  • 1.2.2
  • Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS)
  • 1.2.3
  • Sesquiterpene synthase (cyclase)
  • 1.2.3.1
  • Separation and purification of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase
  • 1.2.3.2
  • Gene cloning, function analysis, and heterologous expression of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase
  • 1.2.4
  • Amorpha-4,11-diene hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase)
  • 1.2.5
  • Artemisinic aldehyde 11(13) double bond reductase (DBR2)
  • 1.2.6
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1)
  • 1.2.7
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1)
  • 1.2.8
  • Dihydroartemisinic aldehyde reductase (Red1)
  • 1.2.9
  • Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)
  • 1.3
  • Gene Regulation of Artemisinin Biosynthesis
  • 2
  • Establishment of Genetic Transformation System of Artemisia annua
  • 2.1
  • Ri Plasmid-Mediated Genetic Transformation of Artemisia annua.
  • 2.1.1
  • Effects of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes on the morphology and induction rate of hairy roots.

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