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UV-visible spectrophotometry of water and wastewater /
UV-Visible Spectrophotometry of Water and Wastewater, Second Edition, represents an update to the first book dedicated to the use of UV spectrophotometry for water and wastewater quality monitoring. Using practical examples, the book illustrates how this technique can be a source of new methods of c...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Kidlington, Oxford ; Cambridge, MA :
Elsevier,
[2017]
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| Edición: | Second edition. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; UV-Visible Spectrophotometry of Water and Wastewater; Copyright Page; Contents; List of Contributors; Preface to the Second Edition; 1 The Basis for Good Spectrophotometric UV-Visible Measurements; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Interaction of Light With Matter; 1.2.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum; 1.2.2 The Origin of Spectra, Absorption of Radiation by Atoms, Ions and Molecules; 1.2.2.1 Fundamental Processes; 1.2.2.2 Optical Processes in Spectrophotometry; 1.2.2.3 Chromophores; 1.2.3 Quantitative Laws of the Attenuation of Light; 1.2.4 Presentation of Spectral Data; 1.2.5 Nomenclature
- 1.3 Factors Affecting the Quality of Spectral Data1.3.1 Good Spectroscopic Practice; 1.3.2 Instrumental Performance Criteria; 1.3.3 Use of Certified Reference Materials; 1.3.4 Procedures and Best Practices for Assuring Spectrophotometer Performance; 1.3.4.1 Wavelength Accuracy and Reproducibility; 1.3.4.2 Absorbance, Accuracy and Reproducibility; 1.3.4.3 Stray-Light; 1.3.4.4 Resolution; 1.3.4.5 Optimal Spectrophotometric Range; 1.4 Sample Presentation; 1.4.1 Cuvettes; 1.4.2 Cleaning Procedures; 1.5 Factors Influencing Spectral Characteristics; 1.5.1 Sample Handing and Storage; 1.5.2 Turbidity
- 1.5.3 Solvent Quality and Polarity1.5.4 pH; 1.5.5 Ionic Strength; 1.5.6 Temperature; 1.5.7 Data Treatment; 1.5.7.1 Averaging and Smoothing; 1.5.7.2 Derivatives; 1.5.7.3 Spectral Correction; 1.6 Data Integrity and Security; References; Further Reading; 2 From Spectra to Qualitative and Quantitative Results; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Basic Handling of UV Spectra; 2.2.1 One Spectrum Transformation; 2.2.1.1 Coloured Scale; 2.2.1.2 Derivative Spectra; 2.2.1.3 Shape Factor; 2.2.1.4 Smoothing; 2.2.2 Two-Spectra Comparison; 2.2.2.1 Differential Spectrum; 2.2.2.2 Direct Comparison; 2.2.2.3 Normalisation
- 2.2.3 Evolution Study from a Spectra Set2.2.3.1 Isosbestic Points; 2.2.3.2 Hidden Isosbestic Points; 2.2.3.3 Application: Variability Estimation; 2.3 Concentration Calculation; 2.3.1 Ideal Case: Pure Solution with No Interference; 2.3.1.1 Simple Absorptiometry for One Analyte; 2.3.1.2 Two Analytes; 2.3.1.3 Multicomponent Method by Multilinear Regression (MLR); 2.3.2 Real Samples: Compensation of Interferences; 2.3.2.1 Two Wavelengths Approach; 2.3.2.2 Spectra Slopes; 2.3.2.3 Derivative Methods; 2.3.2.4 Polynomial Compensation of Interferences; 2.3.2.5 Chemometric Analysis: PCA, PCR and PLS
- 2.3.2.6 Ultra-violet spectral deconvolution (UVSD)/Semideterministic Method2.3.3 Real Samples: Pretreatment Steps for Improving UV Response; 2.4 Examples of Application; Acknowledgements; References; 3 Organic Constituents; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Coloured Organic Compounds; 3.2.1 Dyes; 3.2.1.1 Azoic Dyes; 3.2.1.2 Anthraquinonic Dyes; 3.2.1.3 Other Dyes; 3.2.2 Coloured Reagents; 3.2.2.1 pH Indicators; 3.2.2.2 Redox Indicator; 3.2.2.3 Complexometry Indicators; 3.3 UV-Absorbing Organic Compounds; 3.3.1 Aldehydes and Ketones; 3.3.2 Aldehydes; 3.3.2.1 Ketones; 3.3.3 Amines; 3.3.4 Aniline