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The science and technology of unconventional oils : finding refining opportunities /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London, United Kingdom :
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier,
[2017]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; The Science and Technology of Unconventional Oils; The Science and Technology of Unconventional Oils; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Biography; Preface; 1
- Unconventional Oils; 1. Crude Oil; 1.1 Composition; 1.2 Classes of Oil and Quality Description; 2. Oil Availability; 2.1 Crude Oil; 2.2 Opportunity Crude Oils; 2.2.1 Heavy, Extraheavy, Bitumen, and Tar Sands; 2.2.2 Acid/Sour Crude Oils; 2.3 Shale Oil; 3. Impact in the Oil Industry; 4. Summary; References; 2
- Asphaltenes; 1. Introduction; 2. Definition; 3. Isolation; 4. Properties; 4.1 Physical Properties; 4.2 Solubility.
- 4.3 Aggregation4.3.1 Primary Association; 4.3.2 Particle Growth; 4.3.3 Factors Affecting Aggregation; 4.4 Characteristics of Molecules and Clusters; 4.4.1 Characterization Concerns; 4.4.2 Chemical Features; 4.4.3 Molecular Structures and Models; 4.4.4 Molecular Weight; 4.4.5 Size and Shape of Molecules and Particles; 4.5 Surface Properties; 4.5.1 Emulsions; 4.5.2 Films; 4.5.3 Adsorption; 4.6 Stability; 4.7 Reactivity; 4.7.1 Thermal Conversion; 4.7.2 Hydroprocessing; 4.7.3 Oxidation; 4.7.4 Other Reactions; 4.8 Models and Theoretical Studies; 4.8.1 Molecular and Association Modeling.
- 4.8.2 Aggregation, Micellization, Precipitation, and Deposition4.8.3 Properties; 5. Impact on the Oil Industry; 5.1 Compatibility; 5.2 Fouling and Deposition; 5.3 Catalyst Deactivation; 5.4 Other Problems; 6. General Remarks; References; 3
- Metal Compounds; 1. Introduction; 2. Origin; 3. Isolation; 4. Description and Properties; 4.1 Molecular Structure; 4.2 Characteristics; 4.3 Reactivity/Stability; 4.3.1 Hydroprocessing; 4.3.2 Other Reactions; 5. Impact in the Oil Industry; 5.1 Effects on FCC; 5.2 Effects on HDP; 5.2.1 Interaction Mechanisms; 5.2.2 Relative Reactivity of Metal Compounds.
- 5.2.3 Deactivation Phenomenon5.2.4 Kinetic Effects, Activity/Deactivation, Reactor Performance, and Modeling; 6. General Remarks; References; 4
- Acidity in Crude Oils: Naphthenic Acids and Naphthenates; 1. Introduction; 2. Origin and Nature; 3. Isolation and Identification; 3.1 Crude Oils; 3.2 Oil Products and Other Streams; 3.3 Molecular Analysis; 4. Physicochemical Properties; 4.1 Characterization Results; 4.2 Surface Activity and Behavior; 4.2.1 Self-Aggregation; 4.2.2 Effects on Asphaltenes; 4.2.3 Emulsion Stability; 4.2.4 Naphthenates and Their Surface Activity; 4.2.5 Adsorptivity.
- 5. Reactivity/Stability5.1 Reaction With Metals: Corrosion; 5.2 Decarboxylation and Decomposition; 5.3 Esterification; 5.4 Other Chemical Properties; 6. Impact in the Oil Industry; 6.1 Impact in Oil Production; 6.2 Technical Issues in Refining; 6.2.1 Impact on Tank Farm; 6.2.2 Impact on Desalter; 6.2.3 Impact on Fouling; 6.2.4 Impact on Crude Unit; 6.2.5 Impact on Finished Products; 6.3 Economical Aspects of Acidity in Refining; 7. Current Practices; 7.1 Corrosion; 7.2 Other Acidity-Related Issues; 7.2.1 Desalter; 7.2.2 Product Specifications; 7.2.3 Oil Production; 7.2.4 Contaminated Waters.