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Guide to the practical use of chemicals in refineries and pipelines /
Guide to Practical Use of Chemicals in Refineries and Pipelines delivers a well-rounded collection of content, references, and patents to show all the practical chemical choices available for refinery and pipeline usage, along with their purposes, benefits, and general characteristics. Covering the...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge, MA :
Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier,
2016.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Guide to the Practical use of Chemicals in Refineries and Pipelines; Copyright; Contents; Preface; How to use this Book; Acknowledgments; Part I: Pipeline Chemicals; Chapter 1: General Aspects of Pipelines; 1.1 History; 1.2 Media to Be Transported; 1.2.1 Natural Gas; Properties of Natural Gas; Transportation Methods for Natural Gas; 1.2.2 Blending of Hydrogen into Natural Gas; 1.2.3 Crude Oil Blends; 1.2.4 Heavy Crude Oils; 1.2.5 Emulsions; Freezing Point Depressants; 1.2.6 Slurry Transport; 1.3 Testing and Design of Pipelines; 1.3.1 Blockage Detection in Natural Gas Pipelines.
- 1.3.2 Maintenance Models for Petroleum Pipelines1.3.3 Interfacial Rheological Properties; 1.3.4 Optimal Design for Gas Transmission Pipelines; 1.3.5 Selection of Pipeline Routes; 1.4 Standards; 1.4.1 Density; 1.4.2 Viscosity; 1.4.3 Pour Point; 1.4.4 Sulfur Content; 1.4.5 Boiling Range Distribution; 1.4.6 Carbon Number Distribution; 1.4.7 Corrosion; References; Chapter 2: Leakage in Pipelines; 2.1 Simulation Methods; 2.2 Leakage of Polymer Supports; 2.2.1 Failure of Elastomers; 2.3 Leakage of Steel Systems; 2.4 Leak Detection Technology; 2.5 Formation of Coatings; References.
- Chapter 3: Pretreatment Methods3.1 Gases; 3.1.1 Water Content; 3.1.2 Demulsifiers; 3.2 Heavy Crude Oils; 3.2.1 Emulsions for Heavy Crude Oils; 3.2.2 Activation of Natural Surfactants; 3.2.3 Low-Temperature Transportation; 3.3 General Aspects of Pretreatment; 3.3.1 Sulfur Contamination of Refined Products; 3.3.2 Corrosion Prevention; 3.3.3 Pour Point Depressants; References; Chapter 4: Gas Hydrate Inhibition; 4.1 Characterization Methods; 4.2 Gas Hydrate Formation; 4.2.1 Simulation of Formation; 4.2.2 Risks of Gas Hydrates; 4.2.3 Synergism with Corrosion Inhibitors; 4.3 Hydrate Control.
- 4.3.1 Thermodynamic Inhibitors4.3.2 Kinetic Inhibitors; 4.3.3 Antiagglomerate Hydrate Inhibitors; 4.3.4 Inhibitors with Improved Biodegradability; 4.3.5 Polyesters; 4.3.6 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; 4.4 Transporting Hydrates in Suspension; References; Chapter 5: Corrosion in Pipelines; 5.1 History; 5.2 Test Methods; 5.3 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects; 5.4 Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion; 5.4.1 Bacteria; DNA Sequencing; 5.5 Corrosion Inhibition Methods; 5.6 Corrosion Control; 5.6.1 Crude Oil Treatment; Synergism With Drag Reducers; 5.6.2 Coatings; Alternative Plastic Materials.
- 5.6.3 Acid Gas RemovalCyanide Control; Mercury Control; 5.7 Classification of Corrosion Inhibitors; 5.7.1 Organic Chemicals; 5.7.2 Oligomeric Amines; 5.7.3 Foams; 5.7.4 Oxygen Scavenger; 5.7.5 Hydrogen Sulfide Removal; 5.8 Inhibitors for Special Tasks; 5.8.1 Inhibitors for Aqueous Media; 5.8.2 Iron Sulfide; 5.9 Erosion; References; Chapter 6: Drag Reduction and Flow Improvement; 6.1 History; 6.2 Operating Costs; 6.3 General Theoretical Aspects; 6.4 Classes of Drag Reducers; 6.5 Mechanism of Drag Reducers; 6.5.1 Alternatives to Polymer Additives; 6.5.2 Damping of Transmission of Eddies.