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Advanced fibrous composite materials for ballistic protection /
With contributions from leading experts in the field, this cutting-edge book presents some of the most recent developments in the design and engineering of woven fabrics and their use as layering materials to form composite structures for ballistic personal protection. --
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
United Kingdom :
Elsevier Ltd.,
2016.
|
| Colección: | Woodhead Publishing series in composites science and engineering ;
no. 66. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover
- Related titles
- Advanced Fibrous Composite Materials for Ballistic Protection
- Copyright
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering
- 1
- Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Types of ballistic protective equipment and materials
- 1.3 Projective materials against ballistic impact
- 1.3.1 Fibre types
- 1.3.2 Two-dimensional fibrous assemblies
- 1.3.3 Ballistic panels
- 1.3.4 Ballistic composites
- 1.3.5 Shear thickening fluid and other materials for ballistic protection
- 1.4 Engineering design of protective panels
- 1.4.1 Fabric creation with controlled interyarn friction
- 1.4.2 Quasiisotropic ballistic panel
- 1.4.3 Hybrid ballistic panel design
- 1.5 Future materials and technology for ballistic protection
- References
- 2
- ARAMIDS: 'disruptive', open and continuous innovation
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Polymer preparation
- 2.2.1 Basic synthesis
- 2.2.2 The aromatic polyamides polymerisation process
- 2.2.3 Copolyamides
- 2.2.4 Other aromatic polyamides
- 2.3 Spinning
- 2.3.1 Solution properties: the 'solubility' challenge
- 2.3.2 Spinning of fibres
- 2.3.3 Aramid types
- 2.4 Structure and properties
- 2.4.1 Characteristics of aramid fibres
- 2.4.2 Structure
- 2.4.3 Analysis of mechanical properties
- 2.4.4 Some useful comparisons between aromatic polyamides and copolyamides
- 2.4.5 A selection of observed mechanical properties
- 2.5 Applications
- 2.5.1 Preliminaries and systems engineering
- 2.5.2 Ballistic and life protection
- 2.5.3 Protective clothing with a focus on fire protection
- 2.5.4 Advanced composites
- 2.5.4.1 Nanocomposites, grafting and nanotechnologies-a likely bridge to reaching smart high-performance fibres and systems?
- 2.5.5 Other important applications and future trends
- Disclaimer.
- 6.2.1 Geometrical modelling of 3D woven fabric at microstructure level
- 6.2.2 Algorithms
- 6.2.2.1 Governing equations
- 6.2.2.2 FE discretization
- 6.2.2.3 Geometrical FE modelling
- 6.2.3 Ballistic impact damage
- 6.3 Analytical modelling and optimization
- 6.3.1 3DOWF
- 6.3.1.1 A simple deformation model of the 3DOWF under normal ballistic impact
- 6.3.1.2 Energy absorption of principal yarns
- 6.3.1.3 Energy absorption of slave yarns of warp and weft
- 6.3.1.4 Z-yarns analysis
- 6.3.1.5 Energy conservation function
- 6.3.2 3DAWF
- 6.3.3 Ballistic penetration time interval Et
- 6.4 Energy absorption and penetration mechanisms
- 6.4.1 3DOWF
- 6.4.2 3DAWF
- 6.5 Design of 3D woven fabrics for ballistic protection
- 6.5.1 3DOWF
- 6.5.2 3DAWF
- 6.5.3 Comparison among different fabric constructions
- 6.5.4 Applications to flexible armour design
- 6.6 Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- 7
- Measurements of dynamic properties of ballistic yarns using innovative testing devices
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Testing devices adapted to dynamic properties of yarn
- 7.3 Optimization of the dynamic tensile device SFM
- 7.3.1 Description of the measurement device
- 7.3.2 Calibration of the measurement device
- 7.3.3 Validation of the double-laser measurement device
- 7.4 Experimental results of dynamic tensile tests on yarn using the optimized SFM
- 7.5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 8
- Analysis of woven fabric composites for ballistic protection
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Materials for ballistic protection
- 8.3 Composites for high-performance applications
- 8.4 Ballistic impact on composite targets
- 8.4.1 Penetration and perforation process
- 8.4.2 Damage- and energy-absorbing mechanisms
- 8.4.3 Analytical formulation
- 8.4.3.1 Assumptions.
- 8.4.3.2 Projectile velocity through energy balance
- 8.4.3.3 Formulation for the first time interval
- 8.4.3.4 Contact force on the target and projectile displacement for the first time interval
- 8.4.3.5 Energy absorbed by compression of the target directly below the projectile (Region 1)
- 8.4.3.6 Energy absorbed by compression in the region surrounding the impacted zone (Region 2)
- 8.4.3.7 Energy absorbed due to stretching and tensile failure of yarns/layers in the region consisting of primary yarns
- 8.4.3.8 Energy absorbed due to tensile deformation of yarns/layers in the region consisting of secondary yarns
- 8.4.3.9 Energy absorbed by shear plugging
- 8.4.3.10 Energy absorbed by delamination and matrix cracking
- 8.4.3.11 Velocity and contact force at the end of first iteration of the first time interval
- 8.4.3.12 Velocity and contact force during second and subsequent iterations of the first time interval
- 8.4.3.13 Formulation from the second time interval up to the end of the ballistic impact event
- 8.4.3.14 Projectile tip displacement
- 8.4.3.15 Energy absorbed by compression
- 8.4.3.16 Total number of layers failed
- 8.4.3.17 Energy absorbed by tension
- 8.4.3.18 Energy absorbed by shear plugging
- 8.4.3.19 Energy absorbed by delamination and matrix cracking
- 8.4.3.20 Mass of the moving cone and energy absorbed by conical deformation
- 8.4.3.21 Energy absorbed by friction between the projectile and the target
- 8.4.3.22 Velocity of the projectile, contact force, and projectile tip displacement
- 8.5 Input parameters
- 8.6 Experimental studies
- 8.6.1 Experimental details
- 8.6.2 Experimental observations and validation
- 8.6.3 Experimental observations and comparison with analytical predictions
- 8.7 Results and discussion
- 8.7.1 Energy absorbed by different mechanisms.
- 8.7.2 Contact force, projectile velocity, and tip displacement
- 8.7.3 Ballistic impact behavior of different materials
- 8.7.4 Strain rate during ballistic impact event
- 8.7.5 Effect of incident impact velocity on projectile tip displacement
- 8.7.6 Effect of target thickness on ballistic impact performance
- 8.8 Enhancing ballistic protection capability of composite targets
- 8.8.1 Hybrid composites
- 8.8.2 3D composites
- 8.8.3 Composites dispersed with nanoparticles
- 8.9 Conclusions
- Appendices
- Appendix A: stress-strain data at high strain rates-2D plain-weave E-glass/epoxy
- Appendix B: stress-strain data at high strain rates-2D 8H satin-weave T300 carbon/epoxy
- Appendix C: frictional behavior of composites-2D plain-weave E-glass/epoxy and 2D 8H satin-weave T300 carbon/epoxy
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 9
- Failure mechanisms and engineering of ballistic materials
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Analysis approaches for ballistic impact
- 9.2.1 Analytical method
- 9.2.2 Experimental method
- 9.2.2.1 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) test
- 9.2.2.2 Energy absorption test
- Energy absorption in perforation test
- Energy absorption in nonperforation test
- 9.2.2.3 V50 test
- 9.2.3 Numerical method
- 9.3 Failure mechanisms of ballistic materials
- 9.3.1 Stress propagation in fibers and yarns
- 9.3.2 Failure mechanisms of single-ply materials
- 9.3.2.1 Plain-woven fabrics
- 9.3.2.2 UD laminates
- 9.3.3 Failure mechanisms of multi-ply panels
- 9.3.3.1 Nonperforation
- 9.3.3.2 Perforation
- 9.3.4 Failure of some 3D woven panels
- 9.3.4.1 Orthogonal
- 9.3.4.2 Angle-interlock
- 9.3.5 Failure of ballistic composite panels
- 9.4 Engineering design of ballistic materials
- 9.4.1 Fibers and interyarn friction
- 9.4.2 Engineering of 2D ballistic fabrics
- 9.4.2.1 Yarn and fabric surface modifications.