Hydrogenation of fats and oils : theory and practice /

As in the first edition, discussion is not confined to vegetable oils, and the hydrogenation technique is considered in detail. The "why" as well as the "how" of hydrogenation are addressed. Written for both production staff who need advice on specific problems and development pe...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: List, Gary R. (Editor ), King, Jerry W. (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Urbana, Illinois : AOCS Press, [2011]
Edición:Second edition.
Temas:
Oils and fats, Edible.
Hydrogenation.
Huiles et graisses comestibles.
Hydrog�enation.
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Food Science.
Hydrogenation
Oils and fats, Edible
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Front Cover
  • Hydrogenation of Fats and Oils: Theory and Practice
  • Copyright Page
  • Table of Contents
  • Preface to the Second Edition
  • Preface to the First Edition
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1. The Hydrogenation Reaction
  • Economic Value of Hydrogenation
  • Triglycerides
  • Fatty Acids
  • Fatty-Acid Chain Length and Unsaturation
  • Nonfat Components
  • The Hydrogenation Reaction
  • Isomerization
  • Hydrogen Dispersion
  • Hydrogen Pressure
  • Temperature
  • Catalyst Action
  • Catalyst Induction, Fatigue, and Poisoning
  • ""Order of Reaction""""Selectivity""; ""Combination of Factors Affecting Hydrogenation""; ""Other Hydrogenation Routes""; ""Chapter 2. Hydrogenation Process Techniques""; ""Requirements""; ""Batch Hydrogenation�a�?Dead-End and Circulating""; ""Continuous Hydrogenation�a�?Fixed-Bed and Suspended-Catalyst""; ""Ultra-Light, Touch, Brush, or Flash Hydrogenation""; ""Low-Temperature Hydrogenation""; ""Iso- or trans-Suppressive Hydrogenation""; ""Normal Hydrogenation""; ""Cyclization and Polymerization""; ""Two-Stage Hydrogenation""; ""Iso- or trans-Promoting Hydrogenation""
  • ""Higher-Melting and Fully-Saturated Hardened Oils""""Consistent Quality in Hydrogenated-Oil Deliveries""; ""Chapter 3. Hydrogenation Using Critical Fluids""; ""Introduction""; ""Why Supercritical and Subcritical Fluids?""; ""Fundamentals of Critical Fluids Pertinent to Hydrogenations""; ""Hydrogenation Reactions in Critical Fluids�a�?An Overview""; ""Equipment, Processing Concepts, and Scale-Up""; ""Supercritical Fluid Hydrogenation of Fats/Oils Using CO2 or Propane""; ""Oleochemical Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids""; ""Coupled Processes Using Supercritical Hydrogenation""
  • Critical Fluids and CatalystsHydrogenations in Compressed Water
  • Key Patents Involving Hydrogenation in the Supercritical State
  • Concluding Remarks and a Salute to Supercritical Fluid Research at NCAUR
  • Chapter 4. Hydrogenation Facility
  • General Considerations
  • Hydrogen Distribution: Circulation Systems
  • Hydrogen Distribution: Dead-End Systems
  • Hydrogen Distribution: Mixed Dead-End Circulating Systems
  • Hydrogen Distribution: Limitation of Uses
  • Autoclave (Converter, Hardening Vessel) Design: Early Systems
  • Current Autoclave Agitator Design: Radial and Axial FlowsCurrent Autoclave Design: Loop Hydrogenation Reactor
  • Autoclave Design Features of General Importance
  • Material of Construction
  • Oil Segregation
  • Oil Protection
  • Energy Conservation
  • Filtration
  • Catalyst Handling and Economy
  • Filling, Controlling, and Emptying an Autoclave
  • Chapter 5. Hydrogenation
  • Quality
  • Steam Iron Hydrogen
  • Electrolytic Hydrogen
  • Unipolar Electrolyzers
  • Bipolar Electrolyzers
  • Water Supply
  • Security
  • Hydrocarbon Reforming

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