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Research in medical and biological sciences : from planning and preparation to grant application and publication /
Research in Medical and Biological Sciences covers the wide range of topics that a researcher must be familiar with in order to become a successful biomedical scientist. Perfect for aspiring as well as practicing professionals in the medical and biological sciences, this publication discusses a broa...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London :
Academic Press,
[2015]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Research in Medical and Biological Sciences; Copyright Page; Contents; List of Contributors; Preface; 1 Philosophy of Science; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Philosophy of the Natural Sciences; 1.3 What Is Science? Differentiating Science from Nonscience; 1.4 Knowledge and Truth: What is Knowledge and What Constitutes a Scientific Fact?; 1.5 The Glue That Holds the World Together: Causation; 1.5.1 Necessary Conditions; 1.5.2 Sufficient Conditions; 1.5.3 Combination of Conditions that Together are Necessary and Sufficient; 1.5.4 Combination of Conditions that Together are Sufficient.
- 1.5.5 Probabilistic Causation1.5.6 Counterfactual Conditions; 1.6 Scientific Explanation; 1.7 Modes of Inference; 1.8 What Science Is About; 1.9 Scientific Rationality; 1.10 Hypothesis Testing; 1.10.1 Hypothetical-Deductive Method; 1.11 The Aim of Science: Reducing Uncertainty; 1.12 The Empirical Turn in the Philosophy of Science: Science in Society; 1.13 Philosophy of the Social Sciences; 1.14 Interpretation, Understanding, and Explanation; 1.14.1 Explanation and Understanding; 1.14.2 Interpretation; 1.15 The Hermeneutic Circle, Horizon of Understanding, and "Double Hermeneutics."
- 1.16 Power, Ideology, and Interests1.17 Validity; 1.18 Reductionism and Emergence; 1.19 Generalization; Questions to Discuss; Acknowledgments; References; Further Reading; 2 Ethics and Scientific Conduct; 2.1 Why the Current Focus on Scientific Misconduct?; 2.2 What Do We Know About Scientific Misconduct?; 2.3 What Is Wrong with Scientific Misconduct?; 2.3.1 Consequentialism; 2.3.2 Deontological Ethics; 2.3.3 Virtue Ethics; 2.4 Scientific Conduct and Misconduct; 2.4.1 Internal Norms; 2.4.2 Linkage Norms and External Norms.
- 2.5 Scientific Misconduct That Affects the Truth Claims of Scientific Findings2.5.1 Wrong Observations and Wrong Analysis; 2.5.2 Plagiarism; 2.5.3 Fabrication; 2.6 Authorship; 2.6.1 Exclusion from Authorship; 2.6.2 Gift Authorship; 2.6.3 Authorship by Coercion; 2.6.4 Unsolicited Authorship; 2.6.5 Ghost Authorship; 2.6.6 Refusal to Accept Responsibility; 2.7 Salami, Imalas, and Duplicate Publication; 2.8 The Investigation, Prevention, and Punishment of Scientific Misconduct; Questions to Discuss; Appendix 1 ICMJE Recommendations on the Role of Authors and Contributors; Why Authorship Matters.
- Who Is an Author?Nonauthor Contributors; References; Further Reading; 3 Ethics in Human and Animal Studies; 3.1 Basic Principles of Human Biomedical Research Ethics; 3.2 International Regulation; 3.2.1 Consent; 3.2.2 Inability to Consent; 3.2.3 Randomized Controlled Trials; 3.2.4 Vulnerable Research Participants; 3.2.5 Epidemiological Research, "Big Data," and Biobank Research; 3.2.6 The Role of RECs; 3.2.7 Data Protection, Good Clinical Practice, and Other Regulations Influencing Biomedical Research Ethics; 3.3 The Ethics of Animal Research.