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Endocrine disruption and human health /
Endocrine Disruption and Human Health starts with an overview of what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, and the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms of action and assay systems. The third section includes chapters written...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London :
Elsevier/Academic Press,
[2015]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Endocrine Disruption and Human Health; Copyright Page; Contents; List of Contributors; Preface; 1 Overview and Scope; 1 What Are Endocrine Disrupters and Where Are They Found?; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Historical Background; 1.3 Evidence for Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife Populations and How This May Predict Effects on Human Health; 1.3.1 TBT and Imposex in Mollusks; 1.3.2 Dicofol and Reproduction of Alligators; 1.3.3 Feminization of Male Fish in the UK Rivers; 1.3.4 Eggshell Thinning in Birds; 1.4 Which Hormones Are Disrupted by EDCs?; 1.5 How Do EDCs Disrupt Hormone Action?
- 1.6 Which Chemicals Are Sources of Human Exposure to Endocrine Disrupters?1.6.1 Persistent Organic Pollutants-"The Dirty Dozen"; 1.6.2 POPs-Others; 1.6.3 The Herbicides Atrazine and Glyphosate; 1.6.4 Bisphenol A; 1.6.5 Phthalates; 1.6.6 Alkylphenols; 1.6.7 Triclosan; 1.6.8 Parabens; 1.6.9 UV Filters; 1.6.10 Organometals and Metals; 1.6.11 Other EDCs in Personal Care Products; 1.6.12 Synthetic Hormones; 1.6.13 Paracetamol; 1.6.14 Mycoestrogens; 1.6.15 Phytoestrogens; 1.6.16 Nutraceuticals; References; 2 How Could Endocrine Disrupters Affect Human Health?; 2.1 Introduction.
- 2.2 Entry into Human Tissues2.3 Can EDCs Be Absorbed from Dermal Application?; 2.4 Tissue Measurements; 2.4.1 Biomarkers; 2.5 Role of Metabolism in Biological Activity of EDCs; 2.5.1 Metabolism May Alter the Endocrine-Disrupting Properties of an EDC; 2.5.2 EDCs May Alter Endogenous Enzyme Activities; 2.6 Biological Availability; 2.6.1 Binding to Serum Proteins; 2.6.2 Modification by Conjugation; 2.7 Dose-Response Considerations; 2.7.1 Receptor Binding Affinity Versus Response Efficacy; 2.7.2 Effect of Length of Time on Response; 2.8 Effect of Exposure to Mixtures of Chemicals.
- 2.9 Effect of Timing of Exposure2.9.1 Critical Windows of Susceptibility; 2.9.2 Latency Periods; 2.10 Transgenerational Effects; 2.11 EDCs Do Not Have the Same Effect in All Tissues; 2.12 EDCs Do Not Have the Same Effects in Every Individual: The Interaction of Genetics with Environment; References; 2 Mechanisms and Assay Systems; 3 Disrupters of Estrogen Action and Synthesis; 3.1 Physiological Actions of Estrogen and Implications of Disruption; 3.2 Molecular Actions of Estrogen and Mechanisms of Disruption; 3.2.1 Direct Genomic Action; 3.2.2 Indirect Genomic Action; 3.2.3 Nongenomic Action.
- 3.3 Synthesis of Endogenous Estrogens and Disruption of Necessary Enzymatic Activities3.4 Assay Systems; 3.4.1 Can a Compound Bind to ER?-ER-Binding Assays in a Cell-Free System; 3.4.2 Can Binding of a Compound to ER Regulate Estrogen-Responsive Gene Expression in Cells In Vitro?; 3.4.2.1 Reporter Gene Assays; 3.4.2.2 Endogenous Gene Assays; 3.4.3 Can Binding of the Compound to ER Increase Proliferation of Estrogen-Responsive Cells In Vitro?; 3.4.4 Can the Compound Increase Uterine Weight in the Immature Rodent In Vivo?; 3.4.5 Can the Compound Interfere with Biosynthesis of Estrogens?