The new public health /
The book provides a unified approach to public health appropriate for all masters' level students and practitioners-specifically for courses in MPH programs, community health and preventive medicine programs, community health education programs, community health nursing programs.
Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
---|---|
Autores principales: | , |
Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
Idioma: | Inglés |
Publicado: |
Amsterdam :
Academic Press,
[2014]
|
Edición: | Third edition. |
Temas: | |
Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Machine generated contents note: 1.A History of Public Health
- Introduction
- Prehistoric Societies
- The Ancient World
- The Early Medieval Period (Fifth to Tenth Centuries CE)
- The Late Medieval Period (Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries)
- The Renaissance (1400--1600s)
- Enlightenment, Science, and Revolution (1600s--1800s)
- Eighteenth-Century Reforms
- Applied Epidemiology
- Jenner and Vaccination
- Foundations of Health Statistics and Epidemiology
- Social Reform and the Sanitary Movement (1830--1875)
- Social Security
- Snow on Cholera
- The Germ and Miasma Theories
- Hospital Reform
- The Bacteriological Revolution
- Pasteur, Cohn, Koch, and Lister
- The Basis of Genetics
- Vectorborne Disease
- Microbiology and Immunology
- Poliomyelitis
- Advances in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases
- Infections and Chronic Diseases
- Maternal and Child Health
- Nutrition in Public Health
- Military Medicine
- Globalization of Health.
- Contents note continued: Epidemiological Transition
- Achievements of Public Health in the Twentieth Century
- Creating and Managing Health Systems
- Challenges in the Twenty-First Century
- Summary
- Historical Markers
- Note
- Bibliography
- 2. Expanding the Concept of Public Health
- Introduction
- Concepts of Public Health
- Evolution of Public Health
- Health and Disease
- The Host-Agent--Environment Paradigm
- The Expanded Host-Agent-Environment Paradigm
- The Natural History of Disease
- Society and Health
- Health Insurance Systems
- Health Promotion
- Social Determinants of Health
- Modes of Prevention
- Health Promotion
- Health Protection
- Primary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Tertiary Prevention
- Demographic and Epidemiological Transition
- Interdependence of Health Services
- Defining Public Health
- Social Medicine and Community Health
- Social Hygiene, Eugenics, and Corruption of Public Health Concepts
- Medical Ecology.
- Contents note continued: Community-Oriented Primary Care
- The World Health Organization's Definition of Health
- Alma-Ata: Health for All
- Selective Primary Care
- The Risk Approach
- The Case for Action
- Political Economy and Health
- Social, Behavioral, and Political Sciences
- Health and Development
- Health Systems: The Case for Reform
- Advocacy and Consumerism
- Professional Advocacy and Resistance
- Consumerism
- The Health Field Concept
- The Value of Medical Care in Public Health
- Health Targets
- US Health Targets
- European Health Targets
- UK Health Targets
- Individual and Community Participation in Health
- Founding of Health Promotion: The Ottawa Charter of 1986
- State and Community Models of Health Promotion
- Healthy Cities/Towns/Municipalities
- Human Ecology and Health Promotion
- Defining Public Health Standards
- Integrative Approaches to Public Health
- Achievements of Public Health
- The Future of Public Health.
- Contents note continued: The New Public Health
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- 3. Measuring, Monitoring, and Evaluating the Health of a Population
- Introduction
- Demography
- Fertility
- Population Pyramid
- Life Expectancy
- Epidemiology
- Social Epidemiology
- Epidemiology in Building Health Policy
- Definitions and Methods of Epidemiology
- Rates and Ratios
- Measures of Disease Occurrence or Morbidity
- Prevalence Rates
- Measures of Mortality
- Social Classification
- Sentinel Events
- The Burden of Disease
- Years of Potential Life Lost
- Qualitative Measures of Morbidity and Mortality
- Measurement
- Research and Survey Methods
- Variables
- The Null Hypothesis
- Confounders
- Sampling
- Random Sampling
- Normal Distribution
- Standardization of Rates
- Direct Method of Standardization
- Indirect Method of Standardization
- Potential Errors in Measurement
- Reliability
- Validity
- Screening for Disease
- Epidemiological Studies.
- Contents note continued: Observational Studies
- Experimental Epidemiology
- Establishing Causal Relationships
- Notification of Diseases
- Special Registries and Reporting Systems
- Disease Classification
- Hospital Discharge Information
- Health Information Systems (Informatics)
- WHO European Region Health for All Database
- Surveillance, Reporting, and Publication
- Assessing the Health of the Individual
- Assessment of Population Health
- Defining the Population
- Health Care Financing and Organization
- Health Care Resources
- Utilization of Services
- Health Care Outcomes
- Quality of Care
- Self-Assessment of Health
- Costs and Benefits
- Effects of Intervention
- Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods
- From Health Information to Knowledge to Policy
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- 4.Communicable Diseases
- Introduction
- Public Health and the Control of Communicable Disease
- The Nature of Communicable Disease.
- Contents note continued: Host-Agent-Environment Triad
- Classifications of Communicable Diseases
- Modes of Transmission of Disease
- Immunity
- Surveillance
- Healthcare-Associated Infections
- Endemic and Epidemic Disease
- Epidemic Investigation
- Control of Communicable Diseases
- Treatment
- Methods of Prevention
- Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
- Immunization Coverage
- Vaccine Regulation, Schedules, and Programs
- Essentials of an Immunization Program
- Regulation of Vaccines
- Vaccine Development
- Connections Between Infectious and Chronic Diseases
- Control and Eradication of Infectious Diseases
- Success in Eradicating Smallpox
- Eradication of Poliomyelitis
- Future Candidates for Disease
- Eradication
- Criteria for Eradicable Diseases
- Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS)
- Vectorborne Diseases
- Malaria
- Rickettsial Infections
- Arboviruses (Arthropod-Borne Viral Diseases)
- Lyme Disease
- Neglected Tropical Diseases.
- Contents note continued: Echinococcosis
- Tapeworm
- Onchocerciasis
- Dracunculiasis
- Schistosomiasis
- Leishmaniasis
- Trypanosomiasis
- Other Parasitic Diseases
- Legionnaire's Disease
- Leprosy
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Syphilis
- Gonorrhea
- Chancroid
- Herpes Simplex
- Chlamydia
- Trachoma
- Trichomoniasis
- Human Papillomavirus
- Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections
- HIV/AIDS
- Diarrheal Diseases
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Escherichia coli
- Cholera
- Viral Gastroenteritis
- Parasitic Gastroenteritis
- A Program Approach to Diarrheal Disease Control
- Acute Respiratory Infections
- Inequalities in Control of Communicable Diseases
- Communicable Disease Control in the New Public Health
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- 5. Non-Communicable Diseases and Conditions
- Introduction
- The Rise and Spread of Chronic Disease
- Environment and Lifestyle
- Global Burden of Mortality.
- Contents note continued: Risk Factors, Health Promotion, and Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases
- Tobacco
- Alcohol and Other Drugs
- Physical Activity
- Hypertension
- Diet and Obesity
- Mental Illness
- Genetic, Infectious, and Non-Communicable Diseases
- The Social and Economic Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Prevention of Diabetes and Its Complications
- Cancer
- Prevention of Carton
- Trauma, Violence, and Injury
- Motor Vehicle Accidents
- Domestic and Sexual Violence
- Suicide
- Poisoning
- Homicide
- Prevention of Violence
- Chronic Lung Disease
- Asthma
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Restrictive Lung Diseases
- Occupational Lung Diseases
- End-Stage Renal Disease
- Disabling Conditions
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Osteoporosis
- Degenerative Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout.
- Contents note continued: Low Back and Neck Pain Syndromes
- Neurological Disorders
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Parkinson's Disease
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Epilepsy or Seizures
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury
- Visual Disorders
- Hearing Disorders
- Non-Communicable Diseases and the New Public Health
- Integrated Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- Recommended Reading
- Global Burden of Non-Communicable
- Diseases
- Social Determinants, Environment, and Economics of Non-Communicable Diseases
- Risk Factors, Health Promotion, and Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases
- Smoking
- Diet, Physical Activity, and Obesity
- Infectious Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus, and End-Stage Renal Disease
- Cancer
- Trauma, Violence, Injury, and Suicide
- Chronic Lung Disease
- Disabling Conditions
- 6. Family Health
- Introduction.
- Contents note continued: The Family Unit
- Preventive Health through Life Stages
- The Family Physician Cannot do All This Alone
- Maternal Health
- Fertility
- Public Health Challenges of Fertility
- Family Planning
- Maternal Mortality and Morbidity
- Pregnancy Care
- High-Risk Pregnancy
- Labor and Delivery
- Safe Motherhood Initiatives
- Care of the Newborn
- Low Birth Weight/Preterm Birth
- Postdelivery Care (Puerperium)
- Genetic and Birth Disorders
- Rhesus Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
- Neural Tube Defects
- Cerebral Palsy
- Low Birth Weight and Developmental Disability
- Down Syndrome
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Sickle-Cell Disease
- Thalassemia
- Phenylketonuria
- Congenital Hypothyroidism
- Congenital Syphilis
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Tay--Sachs Disease
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Familial Mediterranean Fever
- Infant and Child Health
- Fetal and Infant Mortality
- Infancy Care and Feeding.
- Contents note continued: Anticipatory Counseling
- Documentation, Records, and Monitoring
- Preschool Children (Age 1--5 Years)
- School and Adolescent Health
- Smoking
- Alcohol Abuse
- Drug Abuse
- Sexual Risk Behavior
- Dietary Risk Behavior
- Physical Activity
- Violence and Gang Behavior
- Adult Health
- Women's Health
- Men's Health
- Health of Older Adults
- Health Maintenance for Older Adults
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- 7. Special Community Health Needs
- Introduction
- Mental Health
- Historical Changes in Methods of Treatment
- Mental Health Epidemiology
- Mental Disorder Syndromes
- Controversies in Mental Health Policies
- Community-Oriented Mental Health
- Prevention and Health Promotion
- Intellectual Disability
- Oral Health
- Fluoridation
- Periodontal Disease
- Dental Care
- Oral Cancer
- Physical Disability and Rehabilitation
- Special Croup Health Needs
- Cay and Lesbian Health
- Native Peoples' Health.
- Contents note continued: Prisoners' Health
- Migrant Population Health
- Homeless Population Health
- Refugee Health
- Military Medicine
- Health in Disasters
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- Mental Health
- Oral Health
- Disability and Rehabilitation
- Cay and Lesbian Health
- Native Peoples' Health
- Prisoners' Health
- Migrant and Refugee Health
- Military Medicine
- Disasters and Health
- 8. Nutrition and Food Safety
- Introduction
- Development of Nutrition in Public Health
- Nutrition in a Global Context
- Nutrition and Infection
- Functions of Food
- Human Nutritional Requirements
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats and Oils
- Vitamins
- Minerals and Trace Elements
- Growth
- Measuring Body Mass
- Recommended Dietary Intakes
- Disorders of Undernutrition
- Underweight: Protein---Energy Malnutrition
- Failure to Thrive
- Marasmus
- Kwashiorkor
- Micronutrient Deficiencies
- Osteoporosis
- Eating Disorders
- Diseases of Overnutrition.
- Contents note continued: Overweight/Obesity
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Cancer
- Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation
- Promoting Healthy Diets and Lifestyles
- Dietary Guidelines
- Vitamin and Mineral Enrichment of Basic Foods
- Controversy in Food Enrichment
- Genetically Modified Foods
- Food and Nutrition Policy
- Evolution of a Federal Role
- Nutrition Issues in Development Policies
- Role of the Private Sector and Non-Governmental Organizations
- Role of Health Providers
- Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation
- Standard Reference Populations
- Measuring Deviation from the Reference Population
- Global Nutrition Targets for 2025
- Food Quality and Safety
- Nutrition and the New Public Health
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- Recommended Reading
- Foodborne Illness, Nutrition, and Infectious Disease
- Monitoring Growth and Body Mass
- Nutrient Requirements, Recommended Dietary Intakes, and Dietary Guidelines.
- Contents note continued: Micronutrient Deficiency Conditions
- Vitamin D and Bone Health
- Nutrition, Obesity, and Chronic Disease
- Maternal/Child Nutrition and Survival
- Food Fortification
- Food and Nutrition Policy, and Food Security
- Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation
- 9. Environmental and Occupational Health
- Environmental Health
- Introduction
- Global Environmental Issues
- Geographic and Environmental Epidemiology
- Environmental Targets
- Environment and Infectious Diseases
- Global Climate Change
- Environmental Impact on Health Burden of Disease
- Community Water Supplies
- Waterborne Diseases
- Waterborne Disease Surveillance and Prevalence, USA
- Water as a Global Resource
- Sewage Collection and Treatment
- Solid Waste
- Toxins
- Toxic Effects on Fertility
- Toxic Effects of Lead in the Environment
- Agricultural and Environmental Hazards
- Air Pollution
- The External Environment
- Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
- Indoor Pollution.
- Contents note continued: Effects of Indoor Air Pollution
- Radon Gas
- Outdoor--Indoor Pollutants
- Biological Pollutants
- Built Environment and Health
- Hazardous or Toxic Wastes
- Minimata Disease
- Toxic Waste Management
- Radiation
- Ionizing Radiation
- Non-Ionizing Radiation
- Environmental Impact
- Emergency Events Involving Hazardous Substances
- Human-Caused Disasters
- War, Terrorism, and Genocide
- Preventing and Managing Environmental Emergencies
- Environmental Health Organization
- Occupational Health
- Introduction
- Development of Occupational Health
- The Health of Workers
- The Burden of Occupational Morbidity and Mortality
- Occupational Health Priorities in the USA
- International Issues in Occupational Health
- National and Management Responsibilities
- Standards and Monitoring
- Occupational Health Targets
- Occupational Injury
- Toxicity at the Workplace and in the Environment
- Lead
- Asbestos
- Silica.
- Contents note continued: Cotton Dust (Byssinosis)
- Vinyl Chloride
- Agent Orange
- Workplace Violence
- Occupational Health in Clinical Practice
- Inspecting the Place of Work
- Risk Assessment
- Preventing Disasters in the Workplace
- Occupation and The New Public Health
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- Environmental Health
- Occupational Health
- 10.Organization of Public Health Systems
- Introduction
- Government and Health of the Nation
- Federal and Unitary States
- Checks and Balances in Health Authority
- Government and the Individual
- Functions of Public Health
- Regulatory Functions of Public Health Agencies
- Investigative Functions of Public Health
- Prevention of Injuries
- Methods of Providing or Assuring Services: Direct or Indirect?
- Non-Governmental Roles in Health
- Disasters and Public Health Preparedness
- Medical Practice and Public Health
- Incentives and Regulation
- Promotion of Research and Teaching.
- Contents note continued: Accreditation and Quality Regulation
- National Government Public Health Services
- State Government Public Health Services
- Local Health Authorities
- Accreditation of Public Health Departments
- Monitoring Health Status
- National Health Targets
- Universal Health Coverage and the New Public Health
- Hospitals in the New Public Health
- Hospital Classification
- Supply of Hospital Beds
- The Changing Role of the Hospital
- Innovations in Health Care Delivery
- The Uninsured as a Public Health Challenge
- US Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- Agencies and Organizations
- Recommended Reading
- 11. Measuring Costs: The Economics of Health
- Introduction
- Economic Issues of Health Systems
- Investing in Health
- Basic Concepts in Health Economics
- Supply, Need, Demand, and Utilization of Health Services
- Normative Needs
- Felt Need
- Expressed Need
- Comparative Need.
- Contents note continued: Demand
- Supply
- Grossman's Demand Model
- Competition in Health Care
- Elasticities of Demand
- Measuring Costs
- Economic Measures of Health Status
- Cost--Benefit Analysis
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- Basic Assessment Scheme for Intervention Costs and Consequences
- The Value of Human Life
- Health Financing: The Macroeconomic Level
- Costs of Illness
- Costs and Variations in Medical Practice
- Cost Containment
- Medical and Hospital Care: Microeconomics
- Payment for Doctors' Services
- Payment for Comprehensive Care
- Health Maintenance and Managed Care Organizations
- District Health Systems
- Paying for Hospital Care
- Capital Costs
- Hospital Supply, Utilization, and Costs
- Modified Market Forces
- Economics of Prevention
- Game Theory, Economics, and Health Policy
- Economics and the New Public Health
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- 12. Planning and Managing Health Systems
- Introduction.
- Contents note continued: Health Policy and Planning as Context
- The Elements of Organizations
- Scientific Management
- Bureaucratic Pyramidal Organizations
- Organizations as Energy Systems
- Cybernetics and Management
- Target-Oriented Management
- Operations Research
- Management by Objectives
- Human Relations Management
- The Hawthorne Effect
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Theory X--Theory Y
- Network Organization
- Total Quality Management
- Changing Human Behavior
- Empowerment
- Strategic Management of Health Systems
- Health System Organization Models
- Functional Model
- Corporate Model
- Matrix Model
- Skills for Management
- The Chief Executive Officer of Health Organizations
- Community Participation
- Integration: Lateral and Vertical
- Norms and Performance Indicators
- Health Promotion and Advocacy
- Philanthropy and Volunteerism
- New Organizational Models
- New Projects and their Evaluation.
- Contents note continued: Competencies in Health Policy and Management
- Systems Approach and National Planning
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- Electronic Resources
- Recommended Reading
- 13. National Health Systems
- Introduction
- Health Systems in the Industrialized Countries
- Evolution of Health Systems
- Social Insurance
- National Health Service
- National Health Insurance
- The United States
- Federal Health Initiatives
- Medicare and Medicaid
- The Changing Health Care Environment
- Health Information
- Health Targets
- Social Inequalities
- The Dilemma of the Uninsured
- Summary
- Canada
- Reform Pressures and Initiatives
- Provincial Health Reforms
- Health Status
- Summary
- The United Kingdom
- The National Health Service
- Reforms in the 1970s and 1980s
- Reforms Since 1990
- Social and Regional Inequalities
- Health Promotion
- Health Reforms
- Primary Care Trusts
- Summary
- The Nordic Countries
- Sweden
- Denmark.
- Contents note continued: Norway
- Finland
- Western Europe
- Germany
- The Netherlands
- Russia
- The Soviet Model
- Epidemiological Transition
- Post-Soviet Reform
- Future Prospects
- Summary
- Israel
- Origins of the Israeli Health System
- Health Resources and Expenditures
- Health Reforms
- Mental Health
- Healthy Israel 2020
- Quality Assurance
- Summary
- Health Systems in Developing Countries
- Federal Republic of Nigeria
- Female Genital Mutilation
- Communicable Diseases
- Non-Communicable Diseases
- Nigeria's Health System
- Millennium Development Goals
- Cancer
- HIV/AIDS
- Food Fortification/Malnutrition
- Health Reform
- Summary
- Latin America and the Caribbean
- Colombia
- Asia
- India
- China
- Japan
- Comparing National Health Systems
- Economic Issues in National Health Systems
- Reforming National Health Systems
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- International
- United States
- Canada
- United Kingdom
- Europe.
- Contents note continued: Nordic Countries, Germany, and the Netherlands
- Russia
- Israel
- Developing Countries
- Nigeria
- Latin America and the Caribbean
- Colombia
- India
- China
- Japan
- 14. Human Resources for Health
- Introduction
- Overview of Human Resources
- Human Resources Planning
- Supply and Demand
- Medical Education
- Postgraduate Medical Training
- Specialization and Family Practice
- Training in Preventive Medicine
- Nursing Education
- In-Service and Continuing Education
- Accreditation of Health Professional Educational or Training Facilities
- The Range of Health Disciplines
- Licensure and Supervision
- Constraints on the Health Care Provider
- Other Health Professions
- Expanding Roles in Primary Care
- Nurse Practitioners
- Physician Assistants
- Feldshers
- Community Health Workers
- Alternative Medicine
- Changing the Balance
- Education for Public Health and Health Management.
- Contents note continued: Core Elements for Master of Public Health Programs
- Ranking Universities
- Field Epidemiology
- Public Health Education in Europe
- Health Policy and Management of Human Resources
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- 15. Health Technology, Quality, Law, and Ethics
- Introduction
- Innovation, Regulation, and Quality Control
- Appropriate Health Technology
- Priority Interventions in Low- and Medium-Income Countries
- Priority Selection in High-Income Countries
- Health Technology Assessment
- Technology Assessment in Hospitals
- Technology Assessment in Prevention and Health Promotion
- Technology Assessment in National Health Systems
- Dissemination of Technology
- Diffusion of Technology
- Quality Assurance
- Adverse Events and Negligence
- Licensure and Certification
- Health Facility Accreditation
- Peer Review
- Tracer Conditions
- Setting Standards
- Algorithms and Clinical Guidelines
- Organization of Care.
- Contents note continued: Diagnosis-Related Groups
- Managed Care
- Performance Indicators
- Consumerism and Quality
- The Public Interest
- Total Quality Management
- Public Health Law
- Environmental Health
- Public Health Law Reform
- Ethical Issues In Public Health
- Individual and Community Rights
- Tragic Deviations in Public Health Ethics
- Human Experimentation
- Ethics in Public Health Research
- Ethics in Patient Care
- Sanctity of Life Versus Euthanasia
- The Imperative to Act or Not Act in Public Health
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- Health Technology
- Quality
- Law
- Ethics
- 16. Global Health
- Introduction
- The Global Health Situation
- Priorities in Global Health
- Poverty-Illness-Population--Environment
- Child Health
- Maternal Health
- Population Growth
- Malnutrition
- The Fight Against HIV/AIDS and Other Communicable Diseases
- Non-Communicable Diseases
- Disaster Management
- Environment.
- Contents note continued: Global Partnership for Development
- Development and Health
- Organization for International Health
- World Health Organization
- United Nations Children's Fund
- Non-Governmental Organizations
- The World Bank
- Trends in Global Health
- Emerging Infectious Disease Threats
- Expanding National Health Capacity
- Top-Down and Bottom-Up Development
- Global Health and the New Public Health
- Summary
- Note
- Bibliography
- Global Health
- International Organizations
- Global Health in the Future.