Essential clinical anatomy of the nervous system /

"Essential clinical anatomy of the nervous system is designed to combine the salient points of anatomy with typical pathologies affecting each of the major pathways that are directly applicable in the clinical environment. In addition, this book highlights the relevant clinical examinations to...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Rea, Paul (Paul M.) (Autor)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier/AP, Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, [2015]
Temas:
Neuroanatomy.
Nervous system > Pathophysiology.
Nervous System > anatomy & histology
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomie.
Syst�eme nerveux > Physiopathologie.
MEDICAL > Physiology.
SCIENCE > Life Sciences > Human Anatomy & Physiology.
Nervous system > Pathophysiology
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction to the Nervous System
  • 1.1. Overview of the Nervous System
  • 1.1.1. Central Nervous System
  • 1.1.1.1. Brain
  • 1.1.1.2. Spinal Cord
  • 1.1.2. Peripheral Nervous System
  • 1.1.2.1. Neurons
  • 1.2. Divisions of the Nervous System
  • 1.2.1. Structural Division of the Nervous System
  • 1.2.1.1. Central Nervous System
  • 1.3. Brain
  • 1.3.1. Forebrain
  • 1.3.1.1. Thalamus
  • 1.3.1.2. Hypothalamus
  • 1.3.2. Midbrain
  • 1.3.3. Hindbrain
  • 1.4. Spinal Cord
  • 1.4.1. Peripheral Nervous System
  • 1.4.2. Spinal Nerves
  • 1.4.3. Functional Division of the Nervous System
  • 1.4.4. Somatic Nervous System
  • 1.4.5. Autonomic Nervous System
  • 1.4.6. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
  • 1.5. Cranial Nerves
  • 1.5.1. Olfactory Nerve
  • 1.5.1.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Olfactory Nerve
  • 1.5.1.2. Clinical Testing of the Olfactory Nerve
  • 1.5.2. Optic Nerve
  • 1.5.2.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Optic Nerve
  • 1.5.2.2. Clinical Testing of the Optic Nerve
  • 1.5.3. Oculomotor Nerve
  • 1.5.3.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Oculomotor Nerve
  • 1.5.3.2. Clinical Testing of the Oculomotor Nerve
  • 1.5.4. Trochlear Nerve
  • 1.5.4.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Trochlear Nerve
  • 1.5.4.2. Clinical Testing of the Trochlear Nerve
  • 1.5.5. Trigeminal Nerve
  • 1.5.5.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Trigeminal Nerve
  • 1.5.5.2. Clinical Testing of the Trigeminal Nerve
  • 1.5.6. Abducent Nerve
  • 1.5.6.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Abducent Nerve
  • 1.5.6.2. Clinical Testing of the Abducent Nerve
  • 1.5.7. Facial Nerve
  • 1.5.7.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Facial Nerve
  • 1.5.7.2. Clinical Testing of the Facial Nerve
  • 1.5.8. Vestibulocochlear Nerve
  • 1.5.8.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Vestibulocochlear Nerve
  • 1.5.8.2. Clinical Testing of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve
  • 1.5.9. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
  • 1.5.9.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Glossopharyngeal Nerve
  • 1.5.9.2. Clinical Testing of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve
  • 1.5.10. Vagus Nerve
  • 1.5.10.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Vagus Nerve
  • 1.5.10.2. Clinical Testing of the Vagus Nerve
  • 1.5.11. Spinal Accessory Nerve
  • 1.5.11.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Spinal Accessory Nerve
  • 1.5.11.2. Clinical Testing of the Spinal Accessory Nerve
  • 1.5.12. Hypoglossal Nerve
  • 1.5.12.1. Typical Pathologies to Affect the Hypoglossal Nerve
  • 1.5.12.2. Clinical Testing of The Hypoglossal Nerve
  • 1.5.13. Summary of Cranial Nerves
  • References
  • ch. 2 Essential Anatomy and Function of the Brain
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.1.1. Neurons
  • 2.1.2. Glial Cells
  • 2.1.3. Divisions of the Brain
  • 2.2. Forebrain
  • 2.2.1. Revision Point
  • 2.2.2. Telencephalon
  • 2.2.3. Basal Ganglia
  • 2.2.4. Corpus Striatum
  • 2.2.5. Internal Capsule
  • 2.2.6. Diencephalon
  • 2.2.6.1. Thalamus
  • 2.2.6.1.1. Specific Thalamic Nuclei
  • 2.2.6.1.2. Non-specific Thalamic Nuclei
  • 2.2.6.1.3. Association Nuclei
  • 2.2.6.2. Hypothalamus
  • 2.2.7. Ventricles
  • 2.2.7.1. Lateral Ventricle
  • 2.2.7.2. Third Ventricle
  • 2.2.7.3. Fourth Ventricle
  • 2.2.8. Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • 2.2.8.1. Functions of CSF
  • 2.3. Pathologies
  • 2.3.1. Dysphasia
  • 2.3.1.1. If Wernicke's Area is Damaged
  • 2.3.1.1.1. Wernicke's encephalopathy
  • 2.3.1.1.2. Korsakoff Is syndrome
  • 2.3.1.1.3. Wernicke
  • Korsakoff syndrome
  • 2.3.1.2. If Broca's Area is Damaged
  • 2.3.1.3. "Split-brain" Patients
  • 2.3.1.4. Removing the Left Hemisphere
  • 2.3.2. Dysarthria
  • 2.3.2.1. Pseudobulbar Palsy
  • 2.3.2.2. Bulbar Palsy
  • 2.3.3. Dysphonia
  • 2.4. Midbrain
  • 2.5. Hindbrain
  • References
  • ch. 3 Forebrain
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Telencephalon
  • 3.2.1. Cerebral Cortex
  • 3.2.2. Basal Ganglia
  • 3.3. Clinical Assessment
  • 3.4. Pathologies
  • 3.4.1. Parkinson's Disease
  • 3.4.2. Limbic System
  • 3.5. Diencephalon
  • 3.5.1. Thalamus
  • 3.5.2. Hypothalamus
  • 3.5.3. Subthalamus
  • 3.5.4. Epithalamus
  • 3.5.4.1. Pituitary Gland
  • 3.5.4.2. Habenula
  • 3.5.4.3. Pineal Gland
  • 3.5.4.4. Stria Medullaris
  • References
  • ch. 4 Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  • 4.1. Revision Point
  • ch. 5 Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
  • 5.1. Revision Point
  • 5.2. Metencephalon
  • 5.2.1. Pons
  • 5.2.2. Cerebellum
  • 5.3. Clinical Assessment
  • 5.4. Pathologies
  • 5.4.1. Related Cranial Nerves
  • 5.4.2. Myelencephalon
  • 5.4.2.1. Medulla Oblongata
  • 5.4.2.2. Related Cranial Nerves.
  • 5.5. Clinical Assessment
  • 5.6. Pathologies
  • 5.6.1. Bulbar Palsy
  • References
  • ch. 6 Blood Supply of the Brain and Clinical Issues
  • 6.1. General Introduction
  • 6.2. Internal Carotid Artery
  • 6.2.1. Posterior Communicating Artery
  • 6.2.2. Anterior Choroidal Artery
  • 6.2.3. Anterior Cerebral Artery
  • 6.2.4. Middle Cerebral Artery
  • 6.3. Vertebral Artery
  • 6.4. Posterior Cerebral Artery
  • 6.5. Venous Drainage of the Brain
  • 6.6. Clinical Assessment
  • 6.6.1. Cerebral Angiography
  • 6.7. Pathologies
  • 6.7.1. Cerebrovascular Disease
  • 6.7.2. Stroke
  • 6.7.2.1. Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
  • 6.7.2.2. Anterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion
  • 6.7.2.3. Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
  • 6.7.2.4. Posterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion
  • 6.7.3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
  • 6.7.4. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  • 6.7.5. Vascular Dementia
  • 6.8. Other Pathologies Affecting the Cerebral Circulation
  • 6.8.1. Subdural Hemorrhage
  • 6.8.2. Extradural Haemorrhage
  • 6.8.3. Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
  • References
  • ch. 7 Essential Anatomy and Function of the Spinal Cord
  • 7.1. Meninges
  • 7.1.1. Meningeal Layer Around the Brain
  • 7.1.1.1. Leptomeninges
  • 7.1.1.2. Dura Mater
  • 7.1.2. Meningeal Layer Around the Spinal Cord
  • 7.1.2.1. Pia Mater
  • 7.1.2.2. Arachnoid Mater
  • 7.1.2.3. Dura Mater
  • 7.2. Clinical Assessment
  • 7.2.1. Lumbar Puncture
  • 7.3. Pathologies
  • 7.3.1. Headaches
  • 7.3.2. Head Injury
  • 7.3.3. Epidural Analgesia
  • 7.4. Spinal Nerves
  • 7.5. Spinal Cord
  • 7.5.1. White Matter/Gray Matter
  • 7.5.1.1. Segmental Distribution of Nerves
  • References
  • ch. 8 Spinal Tracts
  • Ascending/Sensory Pathways
  • 8.1. General Introduction
  • 8.2. Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscus
  • 8.2.1. Anatomical Location and Function
  • 8.2.2. Location of Neuronal Cell Bodies
  • 8.2.3. Clinical Assessment
  • 8.2.3.1. Fine Touch
  • 8.2.3.1.1. Light Touch Examination
  • 8.2.3.2. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI)
  • 8.2.3.2.1. Two-point Discrimination
  • 8.2.3.2.2. Romberg's Test
  • 8.2.3.3. Fine Touch
  • 8.2.3.4. Vibration Sense
  • 8.2.4. Pathologies
  • 8.3. Spinocerebellar Tract
  • 8.3.1. Anatomical Location and Function
  • 8.3.2. Location of Neuronal Cell Bodies
  • 8.3.3. Clinical Assessment
  • 8.4. Anterolateral System
  • 8.4.1. Spinothalamic Tract
  • 8.4.1.1. Ventral/Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
  • 8.4.1.1.1. Anatomical Location and Function
  • 8.4.1.1.2. Location of Neuronal Cell Bodies
  • 8.4.1.2. Clinical Assessment
  • 8.4.1.2.1. Screening Examination
  • 8.4.1.2.2. Further Testing
  • 8.4.1.3. Pathologies
  • 8.4.2. Spinohypothalamic Tract
  • 8.4.2.1. Visceral Sensations
  • 8.4.3. Spinoreticular Tract
  • 8.4.4. Spinotectal (Spinomesencephalic) Tract
  • 8.4.5. Spino-olivary Tract
  • References
  • ch. 9 Spinal Tracts
  • Descending/Motor Pathways
  • 9.1. Pyramidal Tracts
  • 9.1.1. Ventral and Lateral Corticospinal Tract
  • 9.2. Clinical Assessment
  • 9.3. Pathologies
  • 9.3.1. Upper Motor Neuron Lesion
  • 9.4. Pathologies
  • 9.4.1. Multiple Sclerosis
  • 9.4.2. Cerebral Palsy
  • 9.4.3. Corticobulbar Tract
  • 9.5. Clinical Assessment
  • 9.6. Pathologies
  • 9.6.1. Pseudobulbar palsy
  • 9.7. Extrapyramidal Tracts
  • 9.7.1. Vestibulospinal Tract
  • 9.7.1.1. Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract
  • 9.7.1.2. Medial Vestibulospinal Tract
  • 9.8. Clinical Assessment
  • 9.8.1. Righting Reflex
  • 9.8.2. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
  • 9.8.3. Olivospinal Tract
  • 9.8.4. Reticulospinal Tract
  • 9.8.5. Rubrospinal Tract
  • 9.8.6. Tectospinal Tract
  • 9.9. Clinical Assessment
  • 9.9.1. Dorsal Longitudinal Fasciculus
  • 9.9.2. Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus
  • 9.10. Clinical Assessment
  • 9.11. Pathologies
  • 9.11.1. Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
  • References
  • ch. 10 Brainstem Tracts
  • 10.1. Corticopontine Fibers
  • 10.2. Clinical Assessment
  • 10.3. Nuclei of Cranial Nerves
  • 10.3.1. Trigeminal Nerve
  • 10.4. Clinical Assessment
  • 10.4.1. Facial Nerve
  • 10.5. Clinical Assessment
  • 10.5.1. Vestibulocochlear Nerve
  • 10.6. Clinical Assessment
  • 10.6.1. Testing At the Bedside
  • 10.6.1.1. Basic Testing
  • 10.6.1.2. Weber Test
  • 10.6.1.3. Rinne Test
  • 10.6.1.4. Otoscopy
  • 10.6.2. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
  • 10.7. Clinical Assessment
  • 10.7.1. Vagus Nerve
  • 10.8. Clinical Assessment
  • 10.8.1. Accessory Nerve
  • 10.9. Clinical Assessment
  • 10.10. Inferior Olivary Complex
  • 10.11. Olivocerebellar Fibers.

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