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Handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earths. Volume 45 /

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths is an ongoing series covering all aspects of rare earth science-chemistry, life sciences, materials science, and physics. The main emphasis of the Handbook is on rare earth elements [Sc, Y and the lanthanides (La through Lu)] but information is al...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: B�unzli, J.-C. G., 1944- (Editor ), Pecharsky, Vitalij K. (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Amsterdam : North Holland, 2014.
Temas:
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Front Cover; Including Actinides; Copyright; Preface; Chapter 263. Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Rare Earths and Actinides; Chapter 264. Symbiosis of Intermetallic and Salt: Rare-Earth Metal Cluster Complexes with Endohedral Transition Metal Atoms; Chapter 265. Solid-State Optical Refrigeration; Chapter 266. Rare Earth Arene-Bridged Complexes Obtained by Reduction of Organometallic Precursors; Contents; Contents of Volumes 1-44; Index of Contents of Volumes 1-45; Chapter 263: Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Rare Earths and Actinides; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry
  • 1.2. Experimental Methods1.3. Electronic Structures and Energetics of Sc, Y, Lanthanide, and Actinide Atomic Ions; 2. Chemistry of Atomic and Molecular Ions; 2.1. Reactions with Oxidants and Inorganic Molecules; 2.1.1. Rare Earths; 2.1.2. Actinides; 2.2. Reactions with Small Hydrocarbons; 2.2.1. Rare Earths; 2.2.2. Actinides; 2.3. Reactions with Other Organic Molecules; 2.3.1. Rare Earths; 2.3.2. Actinides; 2.4. Hydrolysis, Hydration, Solvation, and Complexation; 2.4.1. Rare Earths; 2.4.2. Actinides; 2.5. Experiments with Biologically Relevant Molecules; 2.5.1. Rare Earths; 2.5.2. Actinides
  • 2.6. Clusters Produced from Solids and Solutions2.6.1. Rare Earths; 2.6.2. Actinides; 2.7. Miscellaneous Studies and Ions; 2.7.1. Rare Earths; 2.7.2. Actinides; 3. Energetics of Key Species; 3.1. Rare Earths; 3.2. Actinides; 4. Conclusions and Future Prospects; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations and Symbols; References; Chapter 264: Symbiosis of Intermetallic and Salt: Rare-Earth Metal Cluster Complexes with Endohedral Transition Metal Atoms; 1. Introduction; 2. Cluster Complexes {ZRr}Xx; 2.1. Rare-Earth Metals R; 2.2. Endohedral Atoms Z (=T, E); 2.3. Ligands X; 3. Synthesis
  • 3.1. Reduction Routes in General3.2. The Comproportionation Route; 3.3. The Metallothermic Reduction Route; 4. Crystal Chemistry; 4.1. Compounds and Structures; 4.2. Isolated Octahedral Clusters; 4.3. Oligomers of Mostly Octahedral Clusters; 4.3.1. Dimeric Clusters, {T2R10}; 4.3.2. Trimeric Clusters, {T3R11}; 4.3.3. Tetrameric Clusters, {T4R16}; 4.3.4. Pentameric Clusters, {T5R14}; 4.4. Cluster Chains and Double Chains: CN(T) of 6 and 7; 4.5. Cluster Chains or Networks?; 4.6. Eight-Coordinate Endohedral Atoms; 4.7. Layers of Edge- and Face-Connected Clusters; 5. Electronic Structure
  • 6. ConclusionsAcknowledgments; References; Chapter 265: Solid-State Optical Refrigeration; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Motivation for Cooling Solids with Light; 1.2. Definition of Solid-State Optical Refrigeration; 1.3. History of Optical Refrigeration; 2. Principles of Solid-State Optical Refrigeration; 2.1. Electronic States of Lanthanide Ions; 2.2. Anti-Stokes Fluorescence and Thermal Equilibrium; 2.3. The Four-Level Model and the Laser-Cooling Efficiency; 2.4. Thermodynamic Considerations; 3. Material Considerations; 3.1. Energy Levels and Nonradiative Decay; 3.2. Role of Impurities