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Misleading DNA evidence : reasons for miscarriages of justice /
Misleading DNA Evidence: A Guide for Scientists, Judges, and Lawyers presents the reasons miscarriages of justice can occur when dealing with DNA, what the role of the forensic scientist is throughout the process, and how judges and lawyers can educate themselves about all of the possibilities to co...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London, UK :
Academic Press,
2014.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Misleading DNA Evidence: Reasons for Miscarriages of Justice; Copyright; Dedication; Acknowledgments; About the Author; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Definitions: Contamination and Interpretation; 1.1 Historical; 1.2 Definition of ``Trace-DNA''; 1.2.1 ``Trace-DNA'' Evidence: Statement of Limitations (Gill, 2001); 1.2.2 Assessment of ``Trace-DNA'' Evidence in the Context of the Case: ``The List of Possibilities''; 1.3 A Discussion on Contamination; 1.3.1 Mechanisms of DNA Transfer; 1.3.2 Relevance of DNA Transfer at the Crime Scene; 1.3.2.1 Active Transfer
- 1.3.2.2 Passive Transfer1.3.2.3 Summary of DNA Transfer Methods; 1.3.3 Aerosol Transfer at the Crime Scene and BetweenPackaged Items; 1.3.4 Indirect (Secondary Transfer) at the Crime Scene; 1.3.5 The ``Natural Environment'' of the Crime Scene; 1.3.6 Background Contamination; 1.3.7 Investigator-Mediated Contamination; 1.3.8 A Theoretical Example to Illustrate the VariousTransfer Mechanisms; 1.3.9 Confirmation Bias; 1.3.10 Conclusion ; 1.4 Why Do Miscarriages of Justice Occur?; 1.4.1 Courts Sometimes Confuse ``Expert Opinion'' to Be the Equivalent of ``Scientific Evidence''
- 1.5 Some Fallacies and Errors of Thinking1.5.1 The Association Fallacy; 1.5.2 The Hidden Perpetrator Effect; 1.5.3 The Na�ive Investigator Effect; 1.5.4 Compounded Error Effect; 1.6 The Likelihood Ratio; 1.7 The Role of the Forensic Scientist; Chapter 2: A Deep Analysis of the Basic Causes of Interpretation Errors; 2.1 An Exemplar Case: Adam Scott; 2.1.1 Background to the Contamination Event; 2.1.2 The Crime Events: The First Incident; 2.1.3 The Crime Events: The Second, Unrelated, Incident; 2.1.4 Results of the Analysis; 2.1.5 The Contamination Event; 2.1.6 The Written Statement
- 2.1.7 Analysis of the Statement2.1.8 What Are the Alternative Explanations of the Body Fluid Source Evidence?; 2.1.8.1 Association of Body Fluid with DNA Profile; 2.2 The Miscarriage of Justice in R. v. Jama; 2.2.1 R. v. Jama: The Case Circumstances; 2.2.2 The Second Case Circumstances; 2.2.3 How Did Cross-Contamination Transfer Occur?; 2.3 Characterization of Error; 2.3.1 Investigator-Mediated Contamination: Definition; 2.3.2 Further Exploration of the Contamination Route in Scottand Jama; 2.3.3 DNA Can Transfer Between Items; 2.3.4 The Burden of Proof: Death of Meredith Kercher
- 2.4 Determination of Error Rates2.4.1 Use of Proficiency Tests; 2.4.1.1 Purpose of Proficiency Tests; 2.4.2 Principles of Risk Management When There Is Contamination to Consider; 2.5 Reporting DNA Profiles at Sub-Source Level; 2.5.1 Limitations of DNA Evidence and the Use of Caveats; 2.6 Reporting DNA Profiles at Source Level; 2.6.1 Transposing the Likelihood Ratio to the Source-Level: The Association Fallacy; 2.6.2 Inferring Source from DNA Quantity: The Caseof R. v. Weller; 2.6.2.1 The Case Circumstances; 2.6.2.2 Ranking the Possibilities; 2.6.2.3 Evaluation of the Evidence