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The stimulated brain : cognitive enhancement using non-invasive brain stimulation /

The last decade has witnessed a significant increase in the amount of research exploring how noninvasive brain stimulation can not only modulate but also enhance cognition and brain functions. However, although Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and particularly Transcranial Electrical Stimulat...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Cohen Kadosh, Roi
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Burlington : Elsevier Science, 2014.
Temas:
Acceso en línea:Texto completo

MARC

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245 0 4 |a The stimulated brain :  |b cognitive enhancement using non-invasive brain stimulation /  |c edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh. 
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520 |a The last decade has witnessed a significant increase in the amount of research exploring how noninvasive brain stimulation can not only modulate but also enhance cognition and brain functions. However, although Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and particularly Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) have the potential to become more widely applicable techniques, as they come with none of the risks associated with deep brain stimulation, the reference literature on these neurotechnologies has been sparse. The Stimulated Brain presents the first integration of findings. 
504 |a References and Further ReadingReferences; Chapter 2: Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Transcranial Alternating C ...; History of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES); Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS); Basic Principles; Neurophysiological Mechanisms of tDCS; Clinical Applications of tDCS; Transcranial Alternating current stimulation (tACS); Basic Principles; Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS); Proposed Mechanisms of Action in AC Stimulation with Weak Electric Current; Changes in Cortical Excitability. 
505 0 |a Front Cover -- The Stimulated Brain: Cognitive Enhancement Using Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: The Basis -- Chapter 1: Electricity and the Brain: An Historical Evaluation -- Introduction -- Enlightenment electrotherapy and transcranial electrical stimulation -- Nineteenth-century psychiatry and the psychiatric professions -- Electricity in culture and society -- Nineteenth-century electrotherapy -- Electrical stimulation and mental energy -- Popular electrotherapy -- Skepticism towards electrotherapy -- World war I -- Conclusions -- References and Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 2: Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Transcranial Alternating C ... -- History of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) -- Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) -- Basic Principles -- Neurophysiological Mechanisms of tDCS -- Clinical Applications of tDCS -- Transcranial Alternating current stimulation (tACS) -- Basic Principles -- Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) -- Proposed Mechanisms of Action in AC Stimulation with Weak Electric Current -- Changes in Cortical Excitability -- Changes in Brain Electrical Activity -- Biochemical Changes -- Basic Principles -- Other Methods of Pulsed Current Stimulation -- Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Perils of Using Electrical Stimulation to Change Human Brains -- The unique tool -- DIY enhancement with tDCS -- From bench to home: the good, the bad, and the ugly -- The potential roots of unintended change -- Reversing Polarity Can Impair Function -- Electrode Placement is Important -- Brain Stimulation Interacts with Pharmacology -- Long-Lasting Changes. 
505 8 |a The underappreciated peril: if tDCS can change one function, it can change another -- DIY tDCS is online right now -- Regulation or lack thereof -- Recommendations -- Endnotes -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 4: Computational Modeling Assisted Design of Optimized and Individualized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ... -- Introduction to computational models of non-invasive neuromodulation -- Methods and protocols in the generation of computational forward models of tDCS -- Pitfalls and challenges in the application and interpretation of computational model predictions -- Use of computational models in clinical practice -- Consideration for Efficacy -- Consideration for Safety -- Consideration for Individual Dose Titration -- Example results of computational analysis in susceptible populations -- Case 1: Skull Defects -- Case 2: Brain Lesions (Stroke) -- Case 3: Pediatric Populations -- Case 4: Obese Populations -- Case Design -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Animals -- Introduction -- Experimental approaches for transcranial Electrical stimulation in animals -- Current Delivery and Density Levels -- Acute and Chronic Experiments: The Importance of Brain State -- The In Vitro Approach -- Transcranial ELECTRICAL stimulation effects in animals -- Modulation of Cortical Excitability -- Effects of tES on Sensory Perception -- Impact of tES on Learning and Memory -- Experimental Evidence for Safety Limits -- Exploring tES Effects on Animal Models of Human Pathologies -- Computational Models Based on Experimental Data from Animals -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: The Physiological Basis of Brain Stimulation -- Introduction -- Background -- Neuroplasticity -- Early Electrical Stimulation Techniques -- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation -- Related Electrical Stimulation Techniques. 
505 8 |a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation -- Methods to measure the physiological mechanisms underlying transcranial stimulation in humans -- Pharmacological Agents -- TMS Protocols -- Single-Pulse TMS -- Paired-Pulse TMS -- Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography -- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- Animal Models -- Local Perfusion Changes Induced by tDCS -- Effects on Oscillatory Activity -- Neuronal and synaptic effects induced by tDCS -- Effects During Stimulation -- Anodal tDCS -- Cathodal tDCS -- Aftereffects of tDCS -- Anodal tDCS -- 1-mA stimulation -- Modulation of glutamatergic activity -- Modulation of gabaergic inhibition -- The role of neuromodulators -- 2-mA stimulation -- Cathodal tDCS -- 1-mA stimulation -- Modulation of glutamatergic activity -- The role of gabaergic inhibition in the effects of cathodal tdcs -- The role of neuromodulators -- 2-mA stimulation -- Effects of tdcs on oscillatory activity -- Relationship between tDCS and motor learning -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Improving Functions in the Typical Brain -- Chapter 7: Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Sensory Functions -- Introduction -- Perception and attention -- Stimulation of Higher-Order Visual Areas -- Stimulation of temporal and parietal areas combined with visual stimulation -- Effects of alternating current stimulation on sensory functions -- Clinical applications with regard to the stimulation of the visual cortex -- tDCS and other sensory modalities -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Motor System -- The motor system -- tES and motor cortical excitability -- tES, motor performance and simple motor memory -- tES and motor learning: serial reaction time paradigms -- tES and motor learning: motor adaptation -- tES and motor learning: fine motor skills, visuomotor learning -- Mechanistic considerations. 
505 8 |a Discussion and future directions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III: Improving Functions in the Atypical Brain -- Chapter 12: Brain Stimulation and its Role in Neurological Diseases -- Introduction -- Plasticity in the central nervous system: animal studies -- Methods of non-invasive brain stimulation (nibs) -- Transcranial direct current stimulation -- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation -- Nibs in stroke recovery -- Changes in Cortical Networks and Stroke Recovery -- How Can NIBS Promote Recovery After Stroke? -- Modulation of Impaired Motor Functions by NIBS -- NIBS to Enhance Language Recovery -- Neglect -- Nibs in alzheimers disease -- Nibs in the treatment of parkinson's disease -- Remarks and future directions -- References -- Chapter 13: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Cognition in the Elderly -- Introduction -- Studies in healthy older subjects -- Studies in neurodegenerative diseases -- Alzheimer's Disease -- Fronto-Temporal Dementia -- Parkinson's Disease -- An overall view -- Future directions -- References -- Chapter 14: Clinical use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Psychiatry -- Historical remarks: tDCS in clinical psychiatry -- Potential advantages of using tDCS in clinical psychiatry -- Psychiatric disorders and tDCS -- Major Depressive Disorder -- Pharmacotherapy -- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation -- Mechanisms of action -- tDCS Clinical trials for depression in the 1960s and 1970s -- ``Modern�� tDCS trials for MDD -- The select-tDCS study -- Open-label studies and case reports -- Adverse effects -- Follow-up studies -- Bipolar Disorder and tDCS -- Schizophrenia -- Pharmacological Treatment -- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation -- Mechanisms of action -- Clinical trials -- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. 
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