Decontamination in hospitals and healthcare /

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Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare brings an understanding of decontamination practices and the development of technologies for cleaning and control of infection to a wide audience interested in public health, including healthcare specialists, scientists, students or patients. Part one high...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Walker, James (James T.) (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Oxford : Woodhead Publishing, 2014.
Colección:Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials ; 62.
Temas:
Health facilities > Disinfection.
Surgical instruments and apparatus > Sterilization.
Infection Control > methods
Decontamination > methods
Cross Infection > prevention & control
�Equipements sanitaires > D�esinfection.
D�econtamination > M�ethodologie.
MEDICAL > Forensic Medicine.
MEDICAL > Preventive Medicine.
MEDICAL > Public Health.
Health facilities > Disinfection
Surgical instruments and apparatus > Sterilization
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: pt. I Fundamentals of decontamination in hospitals and healthcare
  • 1. The importance of decontamination in hospitals and healthcare / J.T. Walker
  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.2. Microbial resistance and infection control
  • 1.3. Current water system contamination issues
  • 1.4. The impact of prion discovery on sterilisation techniques
  • 1.5. Conclusion
  • 1.6. References
  • 2. The history of decontamination in hospitals / G.L. Ridgway
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Healthcare-acquired infection (HAI)
  • 2.3. Key figures in decontamination control
  • 2.4. Heat for sterilisation and disinfection
  • 2.5. Chemical disinfectants
  • 2.6. Testing disinfectant activity
  • 2.7. European Medical Devices Directives
  • 2.8. Incidents of contamination as a result of human error
  • 2.9. Conclusion
  • 2.10. Acknowledgements
  • 2.11. References and further reading
  • 3. The role of standards in decontamination / R. Bancroft
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Relationship of standards to law and guidance
  • 3.3. Key aims and principles of standards
  • 3.4. Types of standard
  • 3.5. Vienna Agreement
  • 3.6. European standards
  • 3.7. International standards
  • 3.8. How standards are drafted
  • 3.9. How to read and understand a standard
  • 3.10. Accessing the most relevant standards and guidance documents
  • 3.11. Conclusion and future trends
  • 3.12. Sources of further information and advice
  • 3.13. References
  • 3.14. Appendix: standards in decontamination
  • 4. Infection control in Europe / S. Brusaferro
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. Data available in Europe
  • 4.3. Standards for structures and organizations
  • 4.4. Training of personnel
  • 4.5. Conclusion and future trends
  • 4.6. Acknowledgements
  • 4.7. References
  • 4.8. Appendix: abbreviations
  • 5. Future trends in decontamination in hospitals and healthcare / J.T. Walker
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Decontamination in water systems
  • 5.3. Use of biocides
  • 5.4. Control of microorganisms in the built environment
  • 5.5. Hand hygiene
  • 5.6. Hand contact sites and environmental cleaning
  • 5.7. Manual cleaning
  • 5.8. Automated decontamination systems
  • 5.9. Decontamination of prions
  • 5.10. References
  • pt. II Decontamination practices in hospitals and healthcare
  • 6. Decontamination in primary care: dental and hospital perspectives / A. Smith
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Historic background of dental surgery
  • 6.3. Potential evidence of infections associated with dentistry
  • 6.4. The role of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in raising standards
  • 6.5. Challenges associated with dental instrument decontamination
  • 6.6. Instrument decontamination processes for dental surgery
  • 6.7. Centralization of dental instrument reprocessing
  • 6.8. Quality management systems (QMS)
  • 6.9. Future trends
  • 6.10. Conclusion
  • 6.11. Sources of further information and advice
  • 6.12. References
  • 7. The role of the nurse in decontamination / R. Gallagher
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Regulatory standards and decontamination
  • 7.3. Key principles
  • 7.4. Challenges associated with nursing and contamination
  • 7.5. Provision of cleaning services
  • 7.6. Management of cleaning services
  • 7.7. Decontamination of patient equipment
  • 7.8. Conclusion
  • 7.9. Sources of further information and advice
  • 7.10. References
  • 8. Minimising microbial contamination in dental unit water systems and microbial control in dental hospitals / M.A. Boyle
  • 8.1. Historical development of the dental chair unit
  • 8.2. Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs)
  • 8.3. Microorganisms identified in DUWL output water
  • 8.4. Evidence to date for infection or disease linked to DUWL biofilm
  • 8.5.A microbiological quality standard for DUWL output water
  • 8.6. Management of biofilm contamination of DUWLs
  • 8.7. Decontamination of DUWLs in dental hospitals
  • 8.8. Management of bacterial contamination of washbasin taps and output water in the dental hospital setting
  • 8.9. Outlook for the future
  • 8.10. References
  • 9. Control of waterborne microorganisms and reducing the threat from Legionella and Pseudomonas / M.C. Kelsey
  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. Legionnaires disease
  • 9.3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • 9.4. The control of Legionella and Pseudomonas in water distribution systems
  • 9.5. Conclusion
  • 9.6. References
  • 10. The role of continuous microbial debulking in the hospital environment and its effect on reducing hospital-acquired infections (HAI) / Ralph H. Johnson
  • 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.2. Microbes: a clear and present danger common to the built hospital environment
  • 10.3. Alterations to the hospital environment and behavior mitigate risk
  • 10.4. Risk mitigation: impact of the application of continuously active no-touch solution
  • 10.5. Microbial debulking of the environment mitigates hospital-acquired infection (HAI) risk
  • 10.6. Conclusions
  • 10.7. References
  • 11. Provision and control of water for healthcare purposes / G. Walker
  • 11.1. Introduction
  • 11.2. Water quality and water systems in the healthcare environment
  • 11.3. Water treatment and water purification technology
  • 11.4. Water quality monitoring
  • 11.5. Specialist departments and their unique requirements for water quality control
  • 11.6. Water Safety Group: an integrated or multi-modal approach
  • 11.7. Sustainability and conservation in healthcare water management
  • 11.8. Conclusion and future trends'
  • 11.9. References and further reading
  • 12. Use of gaseous decontamination technologies for wards and isolation rooms in hospitals and healthcare settings / J.T. Walker
  • 12.1. Introduction
  • 12.2. Challenges and considerations for gaseous decontamination in a healthcare setting
  • 12.3. Validation methods to determine efficacy
  • 12.4. Practical use of gaseous decontamination in hospitals
  • 12.5. Conclusion and future trends
  • 12.6. Sources of further information and advice
  • 12.7. References
  • 13. Biocides and decontamination agents including sporicides for decontamination in hospitals / P.J. Collier
  • 13.1. Introduction
  • 13.2. Currently available biocides and sporicides for use in healthcare and their limitations
  • 13.3. Testing standards for actives and sporicides
  • 13.4. Incidence of resistance and risk to the hospital patient
  • 13.5. Strengths/weaknesses of different disinfectants for a range of microorganisms
  • 13.6. Future trends
  • 13.7. Sources of further information and advice
  • 13.8. References
  • 14. Decontamination of prions / G. McDonnell
  • 14.1. Introduction
  • 14.2. Prion diseases: transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
  • 14.3. What are prions?
  • 14.4. Clinical transmission risks
  • 14.5. Decontamination investigations
  • 14.6. Future perspectives
  • 14.7. References
  • 15. Cleaning and decontamination of the healthcare environment / S.J. Dancer
  • 15.1. Introduction
  • 15.2. Pathogen survival time in the hospital environment
  • 15.3. Identifying the main reservoirs of microorganisms
  • 15.4. Transmission of contaminants by hands during healthcare
  • 15.5. The role of cleaning in reducing the infection risk for patients
  • 15.6. Contaminated cleaning equipment and fluids
  • 15.7. Assessment of environmental cleanliness
  • 15.8. Current and future trends
  • 15.9. Conclusion
  • 15.10. References
  • 16. The role of protective clothing in healthcare and its decontamination / J.T. Williams
  • 16.1. Introduction
  • 16.2. Disposable clothing
  • 16.3. Reusable clothing
  • 16.4. Microbiology
  • 16.5. Cleansing and disposal
  • 16.6. Conclusions and future trends
  • 16.7. References
  • 17.A guide to no-touch automated room disinfection (NTD) systems / T.M.
  • Perl
  • 17.1. Introduction
  • 17.2. Reasons to consider a no-touch automated room disinfection (NTD) system
  • 17.3. What level of surface contamination is a risk for transmission?
  • 17.4. Limitations of conventional cleaning and disinfection
  • 17.5. Overview of NTD systems
  • 17.6. When to consider an NTD system
  • 17.7. Using, validating and regulating NTD systems
  • 17.8. Sources of further information and advice
  • 17.9. Conclusion
  • 17.10. References
  • 18. New technologies to control the presence of microorganisms in hospitals / G. Moore
  • 18.1. Introduction
  • 18.2. Designing out hospital infection
  • 18.3. Modifications to ward layout and design
  • 18.4. Modifications to the bed space
  • 18.5. Modifications to specific surfaces/patient care items
  • 18.6. Conclusion and future trends
  • 18.7. Sources of further information and advice
  • 18.8. References
  • 19. Testing strategies and international standards for disinfectants / C. Woodall
  • 19.1. Introduction
  • 19.2. How today's modern efficacy methods differ from those used historically
  • 19.3. The use of disinfectants and the role efficacy testing has to play in their selection
  • 19.4. The use of international standards in practice
  • 19.5. Conclusion
  • 19.6. References
  • pt. III Decontamination of surgical instruments and endoscopes
  • 20. An overview of current decontamination practices of surgical instruments and medical devices / S. Holmes
  • 20.1. Introduction
  • 20.2. Purpose of decontamination practice of surgical instruments in central decontamination units (CDUs)
  • 20.3. Current regulations, standards and guidance
  • 20.4. Risk minimization strategy
  • 20.5. Decontamination process
  • 20.6. Activities impacting on the decontamination process and the quality of sterile instruments
  • 20.7. Future trends
  • 20.8. Acknowledgement
  • 20.9. References
  • 21. An overview of the Choice Framework for local Policy and Procedures (CFPP) for decontamination of surgical instruments / H. Elliott
  • 21.1. Introduction
  • 21.2. Essential quality requirements (EQR) and best practice (BP)
  • 21.3. Application of EQR in surgical instrument and endoscope decontamination
  • 21.4. Choice Framework for local Policy and Procedures (CFPP) access
  • 21.5.Comparing CFPP with the established Health Technical Memorandum (HTM) model
  • 21.6. Conclusions and future trends
  • 21.7. Sources of further information and advice
  • 21.8. Acknowledgements
  • 21.9. References and further reading
  • Note continued: 22. An overview of new technologies for the decontamination of surgical instruments and the quantification of protein residues: low-pressure radiofrequency (RF) gas-plasma decontamination and epifluorescence scanning (EFSCAN) detection / R.L. Baxter
  • 22.1. Introduction
  • 22.2. Radiofrequency (RF) gas-plasma removal of prion infectivity
  • 22.3. Potential future processes for prion removal
  • 22.4. RF gas-plasma inactivation of bacterial contamination
  • 22.5. An example of instrument decontamination using low-pressure gas-plasma
  • 22.6. Monitoring decontamination
  • 22.7. Epifluorescence scanning (EFSCAN)
  • 22.8. EFSCAN contamination monitoring for RF gas-plasma treated instruments
  • 22.9. Conclusion
  • 22.10. Acknowledgements
  • 22.11. References
  • 23. Efficacy of current and novel cleaning technologies (ProReveal) for assessing protein contamination on surgical instruments / N.K. Nayuni
  • 23.1. Introduction
  • 23.2. General principles of protein detection
  • 23.3. Current general methods of protein detection (ninhydrin, Biuret, dyes): sensitivity, specificity and validation
  • 23.4. Methods of protein detection based on fluorescence
  • 23.5. Other possible technologies
  • 23.6. Strengths and weaknesses of new technologies
  • 23.7. Conclusion
  • 23.8. References
  • 24. Decontamination of flexible endoscopes / S.J. Line
  • 24.1. Introduction
  • 24.2. Risk assessment
  • 24.3. Flexible endoscope decontamination
  • 24.4. Decontamination process
  • 24.5. Assessing and selecting endoscope washer-disinfector (EWD) systems
  • 24.6. Water treatment and potential machine contamination issues
  • 24.7. Endoscopy accessories
  • 24.8. Tracking and traceability
  • 24.9. Recontamination risks and preventative storage of endoscopes
  • 24.10. Testing for rinse water contamination
  • 24.11. Decontamination facilities
  • 24.12. Reasons for decontamination failure
  • 24.13. Conclusion
  • 24.14. References
  • 25. Sterilisation of flexible endoscopes / T. Young
  • 25.1. Introduction: key principles of sterilising flexible endoscopes
  • 25.2. Why sterilise flexible endoscopes?
  • 25.3. Problems associated with sterilisation of flexible endoscopes
  • 25.4. Methods used in the sterilisation of endoscopes
  • 25.5. Testing effectiveness and application of standards
  • 25.6. Example of an `in use' application
  • 25.7. Future trends
  • 25.8. Sources of further information and advice
  • 25.9. References.

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