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Handbook of farm, dairy and food machinery engineering /

The process of getting food from ""Farm to Fork"" as the phrase goes, involves more than planting, harvesting, shipping, processing, packaging and distributing - though those are all key components. Effective and efficient food delivery systems are built around processes that max...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Kutz, Myer
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Burlington : Elsevier Science, �2013.
Edición:2nd ed.
Temas:
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: 1. The Food Engineer / Felix H. Barron
  • 1. Nature of Work and Necessary Skills
  • 2. Academic and Industry Preparation
  • 3. Work Opportunities for a Food Engineer
  • 4. Engineering Jobs
  • 5. Future Opportunities
  • 6. Conclusions
  • Reference
  • Further Reading
  • 2. Food Regulations / Kevin M. Keener
  • 1. Background
  • 2. Federal Register
  • 3. Code of Federal Regulations
  • 4. United States Code
  • 5. State and Local Regulations
  • 6. USDA-FSIS Sanitation Programs
  • 7. FDA Sanitation Programs
  • 8. Food Safety Modernization Act
  • 9. Hazard Analyses and Critical Control Point Program (HACCP)
  • 10. Meat Processing
  • 11. Shell Eggs
  • 12. Seafood Processing
  • 13. Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts
  • 14. Beverages
  • 15. Canned Foods
  • 16. Food Service/Restaurants
  • 17. Export Foods
  • 18. Imported Foods
  • 19. Conclusions
  • 20. Acronyms
  • References
  • 3. Food Safety Engineering / Ahmed E. Yousef
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Intervention Technologies
  • 3. Control/Monitoring/Identification Techniques
  • 4. Packaging Applications in Food Safety
  • 5. Tracking and Traceability
  • 6. Byproducts of Processing
  • 7. Conclusions
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 4. Farm Machinery Automation for Tillage, Planting Cultivation, and Harvesting / Brian T. Adams
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Vehicle Guidance
  • 3. Implement Guidance Systems
  • 4. Guidance Methods
  • 5. Challenges Facing Autonomous Vehicles
  • 6. Summary
  • References
  • Other Contacts
  • 5. Air Seeders for Conservation Tillage Crop Production / John Nowatzki
  • 1. Opener Design Options
  • 2. Managing Crop Residue
  • 3. Soil Disturbance and Environmental Impacts
  • 4. Seed/Fertilizer Placement, Row Spacing
  • 5. Depth Control and Packing
  • 6. Varying Conditions
  • 7. Precision Agriculture
  • 8. Energy Requirements
  • 9.Commercial Options
  • Reference
  • Further Reading
  • 6. Grain Harvesting Machinery / Graeme R. Quick
  • 1. General
  • 2. History
  • 3. Pre-Harvest Issues that Affect Machine Design
  • 4. Performance Factors
  • 5. Heads: Grain Platforms, Corn Heads, and Strippers
  • 6. Feederhouse
  • 7. Cylinder or Rotor and Concave
  • 8. Separation: Straw Walkers or Rotary Separation
  • 9. Cleaning Shoe
  • 10. Elevators: Clean Grain and Tailings
  • 11. Grain Bin and Unloading Auger
  • 12. Other Attachments
  • 13. Operator's Station, Adjustments, and Monitoring Systems
  • 14. Field Performance
  • 15. Grain Damage
  • 16.Combine Trends
  • References
  • 7. Grain Storage Systems Design / Ali Abdel-Hadi
  • 1. Materials
  • 2. Drying
  • 3. Structural Loads
  • 4. Grain Handling
  • 5. Testers for Measuring Flow Properties
  • References
  • 8. Milking Machines and Milking Parlors / Douglas J. Reinemann
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The Milking Machine
  • 3. Milking Parlors
  • References
  • 9. Dairy Product Processing Equipment / H. Douglas Goff
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Clarification, Separation, and Standardization
  • 3. Pasteurization
  • 4. UHT Sterilization
  • 5. Homogenization
  • 6. Membrane Processing
  • 7. Evaporation
  • 8. Drying
  • 9. Ice Cream Manufacturing Equipment
  • 10. Butter Manufacturing Equipment
  • 11. Cheese Manufacturing Equipment
  • References
  • 10. Grain Process Engineering / Athapol Noomhorm
  • 1. Drying
  • 2. Pre-Storage Grain Treatments
  • 3. Post-Harvest Value Addition
  • 4. Cooking and Processing
  • 5. Quality Evaluation
  • References
  • 11. Technology of Processing of Horticultural Crops / Bronwen Smith
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Properties of Fruits and Vegetables
  • 3. Biological Deterioration and Control
  • 4. Methods for Minimizing Deterioration
  • 5. General Methods of Fruit and Vegetable Preservation
  • 6. Some Important Methods of Processing of Fruits and Vegetables
  • 7. Quality Control/Assurance
  • 8. Fruit and Vegetable Processing Units
  • References
  • 12. Food Drying and Evaporation Processing Operations / William L. Kerr
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Water in Foods
  • 3. Types of Water in Foods
  • 4. Food Stability and Moisture Relationships
  • 5. Drying: Describing the Process
  • 6. Types of Dryers
  • 7. Quality Changes During Drying
  • 8. Evaporation
  • 9. The Basic Evaporator
  • 10. Tube Evaporators
  • 11. Single Effect Evaporators
  • 12. Multi-Effect Evaporators
  • 13. Mechanical Vapor Recompression
  • 14. Quality Changes During Evaporation
  • 15. Conclusion
  • Further Reading
  • 13. Food Freezing Technology / Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Freezing Point Depression
  • 3. Freezing Process
  • 4. Phase Change and Ice Crystal Formation
  • 5. Product Heat Load
  • 6. Freezing Time Estimations
  • 7. Freezing Equipment
  • 8. Effect of Freezing and Frozen Storage on Foods
  • 9. Developments in Freezing Techniques
  • 10. Energy Conservation in Freezing
  • 11. Scope for Future Work
  • References
  • 14. Heat and Mass Transfer in Food Processing / Mohammed Farid
  • 1. Basic Concepts of Heat and Mass Transfer
  • 2. Case Study 1: Thermal Sterilization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • 3. Case Study 2: New Approach to the Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in Drying and Frying
  • 4. Case Study 3: Microwave Thawing of Frozen Meat
  • Nomenclature
  • Greek Symbols
  • References
  • 15. Food Rheology / Christopher R. Daubert
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Basic Concepts in Rheology
  • 3. Rheology of Fluids
  • 4. Rheology of Semi-Solid Materials
  • 5. Interfacial Rheology
  • 6. Conclusions
  • References
  • 16. Food Extruders / Mian N. Riaz
  • 1. Role of an Extruder
  • 2. Typical Components of an Extruder
  • 3. Types of Extruders
  • 4. Sources for More Information for Extrusion Technology
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • 17. Thermal Processing for Food Sterilization and Preservation / Arthur A. Teixeira
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Retort Systems
  • 3. Automated Materials Handling Systems
  • 4. Aseptic Process Equipment Systems
  • 5. Low-Acid Canned Food Regulations
  • References
  • 18. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based Process Modeling / Gauri Shankar Mittal
  • 1. Basics
  • 2. Examples
  • 3. Meatball Cooking Example in Detail
  • References
  • 19. Design of Food Process Controls Systems / Timothy A. Haley
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Benefits of Automation
  • 3.Computer Integrated Manufacturing
  • 4. Automation Components and Terminology
  • 5. Control System Objectives
  • 6. Controllers
  • 7. Sensor Fundamentals
  • 8. Actuators
  • Further Reading
  • 20. Ohmic Pasteurization of Meat and Meat Products / Brian M. McKenna
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Conventional Thermal Methods for the Preservation of Meats
  • 3. Basic Principle of Ohmic Heating
  • 4. Microbial Inactivation during Ohmic Heating
  • 5. Quality of Ohmically Heated Meat Products
  • 6. Economics of Ohmic Processing
  • 7. Ohmic Heating for Commercial Scale Production of Cooked Meats
  • 8. Conclusion and Future Work
  • Acknowledgements
  • Abbreviations
  • References
  • 21. Food Processing Facility Design / Timothy J. Bowser
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Background
  • 3. Key Facility Issues
  • 4. Project Phases
  • 5. Conclusion
  • References
  • 22. Sanitary Pump Selection and Use / Timothy J. Bowser
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Sanitation Standards for Pumps
  • 3. Sanitary Pump Classification
  • 4. Selecting Sanitary Pump Type
  • 5. Installation
  • 6. Cleaning and Maintenance
  • 7. Conclusion
  • References
  • 23. Agricultural Waste Management in Food Processing / Dae Yeol Cheong
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2.Common Unit Processes Employed in Food Waste Treatment
  • 3. Characteristics of Wastes and Treatment Types
  • 4. Physical-Chemical Treatment Process
  • 5. Biological Treatment Process
  • 6. Land Treatment of Waste
  • 7. Bioprocess Technology from Waste
  • 8. Conclusions
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • 24. Food Packaging Machinery / Harold A. Hughes
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Filling Machines
  • 3. Volumetric Fillers
  • 4. Weight Filling
  • 5. In-Line or Rotary Fillers
  • 6. Cap Application Machines
  • 7. Induction Cap Sealing
  • 8. Flexible Packaging
  • 9. Form-Fill-Seal Equipment
  • 10.
  • Canning Machinery
  • 11. Carton Filling and Closing Machinery
  • 12. Metal Detectors
  • 25. Damage Reduction to Food Products During Transportation and Handling / S. Paul Singh
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Functions of Packaging
  • 3. Food Product Categories
  • 4. Food Product Distribution Environment
  • 5. Major Causes of Food Spoilage/Damage in Supply Chain
  • 6. Packaging Materials
  • 7."Smart" Packaging
  • 8. Trends in Protective Food Packaging of 2000 and Beyond.