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Geometric morphometrics for biologists : a primer /
The first edition of Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists has been the primary resource for teaching modern geometric methods of shape analysis to biologists who have a stronger background in biology than in multivariate statistics and matrix algebra. These geometric methods are appealing to biolo...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam ; Boston :
Elsevier Academic Press,
2012.
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| Edición: | Second edition. |
| Colección: | Elsevier science & technology books.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer; Copyright Page; Contents; Contributors; Preface; 1. Introduction; A Critical Overview of Measurement Theory; Shape and Size; Shape; Size; Methods of Data Analysis; Biological and Statistical Hypotheses; Organization of the Book; Software and Other Resources; References; 1. Basics of Shape Data; 2. Landmarks and Semilandmarks; Criteria for Choosing Landmarks; Homology; Adequate Coverage of the Form; Repeatability; Consistency of Relative Position; Coplanarity of Landmarks; Bookstein's Typology of Landmarks.
- Examples: Applying Ideals to Actual CasesLandmarks on the Lateral Surface of the Squirrel Scapula; Landmarks on the External Body of Piranhas; Landmarks on the Skull of Sigmodon fulviventer and Mus musculus domesticus; Three-Dimensional Landmarks on a Marmot Skull; Landmarks on a Squirrel Mandible; Designing Your Own Measurement Scheme; References; 3. Simple Size and Shape Variables: Shape Coordinates; Shape Coordinates; Comparing Shapes of Two Triangles; Comparing Many Individual Triangles; Multiple Triangles on Each Individual; Choosing the Baseline; Size.
- Bookstein Shape Coordinates in Three DimensionsStatistics of Shape Coordinates; Procrustes Superimposition; Procrustes Superimposition in Three-Dimensions; Semilandmark Sliding; Resistant-Fit Superimposition; Interpreting the Graphical Results; References; 4. Theory of Shape; The Definition of Shape; Morphometric Spaces; The Configuration Matrix; Configuration Space; Position or Location of a Configuration Matrix; Size of a Configuration Matrix; Pre-Shape Space; The Shape of Pre-Shape Space; Fibers in Pre-Shape Space; Shape Spaces.
- Finding the Angle of Rotation That Minimizes the Euclidean Distance Between Two ShapesThe Spaces of Three-Dimensional Configurations; A Numerical Example For the Simplest Case; Tangent Spaces; Selecting the Reference Configuration; Dimensions and Degrees of Freedom; Summary; References; 5. The Thin-plate Spline: Visualizing Shape Change as a Deformation; Modeling Shape Change as a Deformation; The Physical Metaphor; Uniform and Non-Uniform Components of a Deformation; Uniform (Affine) Components; Decomposing the Non-Uniform (Non-Affine) Component; An Intuitive Introduction to Partial Warps.
- An Algebraic Introduction to Partial WarpsDecomposing the Deformation of Three-Dimensional Data; Using the Thin-Plate Spline to Visualize Shape Change; Interpreting Changes Depicted by the Thin-Plate Spline; Using Bending Energy to Superimpose Semilandmarks; Appendix; Calculating the Shear and Compression/Dilation Terms; Conceptual Framework; Mathematical Derivations; Further Derivation of the Uniform Components; Calculating Uniform Components Based on Other Superimpositions; References; 2. Analyzing Shape Variables; 6. Ordination Methods; Principal Components Analysis.