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Nuclear and radiochemistry /
The field of nuclear and radiochemistry is wide-reaching, with results having functions and use across a variety of disciplines. Drawing on 40 years of experience in teaching and research, this concise book explains the basic principles and applications of the primary areas of nuclear and radiochemi...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Burlington :
Elsevier Science,
2012.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Nuclear and Radiochemistry; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; Further Reading; 2 Basic Concepts; 2.1 Atomic Nuclei; 2.1.1 Components of Nuclei; 2.2 Forces in the Nucleus; 2.3 Other Properties of Nuclei; 2.4 Elementary Particles; 2.5 Models of Nuclei; 2.5.1 The Liquid-Drop Model; 2.5.2 The Shell Model; 2.5.3 Unified and Collective Models; Further Reading; 3 Isotopes; 3.1 Isotopic Effects; 3.1.1 Physical Isotope Effects; 3.1.2 Spectroscopic Isotope Effects; 3.1.3 Phase Equilibrium Isotope Effects; 3.1.4 Isotope Effects in the Kinetics of Chemical Reactions.
- 3.1.5 The Isotope Effect in a Chemical Equilibrium3.1.6 Biological Isotope Effects; 3.2 Separation of Isotopes; 3.3 Isotope Composition in Nature; 3.4 Study of Geological Formations and Processes by Stable Isotope Ratios; 3.4.1 Study of the Temperature and Age of Geological Formations; 3.4.2 Study of the Hydrological Process by Measuring the Ratio of Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes; 3.4.3 Changes in the Isotope Ratio of Nitrogen; 3.4.4 Isotope Ratios of Carbon; 3.4.5 Stable Isotope Ratios in Ecological Studies; Further Reading; 4 Radioactive Decay; 4.1 Kinetics of Radioactive Decay.
- 4.1.1 Statistics of Simple Radioactive Decay4.1.2 Activity and Intensity; 4.1.3 Decay of Independent (Mixed) Nuclei; 4.1.4 Branching Decay; 4.1.5 Kinetics of Successive Decay; 4.1.6 Radioactive Equilibria; 4.2 Radioactive Decay Series; 4.3 Radioactive Dating; 4.3.1 Radioactive Dating by Lead Isotope Ratios; 4.3.2 Radioactive Dating by Helium Concentration; 4.3.3 Radioactive Dating by Fission of Uranium; 4.3.4 Radioactive Dating by Argon Concentration; 4.3.5 Radioactive Dating by 87Rb-87Sr, Parent-Daughter Pairs; 4.3.6 Radiocarbon Dating; 4.4 Mechanism of Radioactive Decay; 4.4.1 Alpha Decay.
- 4.4.2 Beta Decays4.4.3 Electron Capture; 4.4.4 Proton and Neutron Decay; 4.4.5 Spontaneous Fission; 4.4.6 Isomeric Transition (IT); 4.4.7 Exotic Decay; Further Reading; 5 Interaction of Radiation with Matter; 5.1 Basic Concepts; 5.2 Interaction of Alpha Particles with Matter; 5.2.1 Energy Loss of Alpha Particles; 5.2.2 Backscattering of Alpha Particles; 5.3 Interaction of Beta Radiation with Matter; 5.3.1 Interaction of Beta Particles with Orbital Electrons and the Nuclear Field; 5.3.2 Cherenkov Radiation; 5.3.3 Annihilation of Positrons; 5.3.4 Absorption of Beta Radiation.
- 5.3.5 Self-Absorption of Beta Radiation5.3.6 Backscattering of Beta Radiation; 5.4 Interaction of Gamma Radiation with Matter; 5.4.1 Rayleigh Scattering; 5.4.2 Thomson Scattering; 5.4.3 Compton Scattering; 5.4.4 The Photoelectric Effect; 5.4.5 Pair Formation; 5.4.6 Total Absorption of Gamma Radiation; 5.4.7 Resonance Absorption of Nuclei and the M�ossbauer Effect; 5.5 Interaction of Neutrons with Matter; 5.5.1 Discovery of Neutrons; 5.5.2 Production of Neutrons; 5.5.3 Interaction of Neutrons with Matter; Further Reading; 6 Nuclear Reactions; 6.1 Kinetics of Nuclear Reactions.